--- freem/doc/texinfo.tex	2025/04/11 23:27:04	1.2
+++ freem/doc/texinfo.tex	2025/04/20 15:43:32	1.3
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 % Load plain if necessary, i.e., if running under initex.
 \expandafter\ifx\csname fmtname\endcsname\relax\input plain\fi
 %
-\def\texinfoversion{2024-02-10.22}
+\def\texinfoversion{2021-04-25.21}
 %
-% Copyright 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+% Copyright 1985, 1986, 1988, 1990-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 %
 % This texinfo.tex file is free software: you can redistribute it and/or
 % modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
@@ -58,6 +58,12 @@
 
 \message{Loading texinfo [version \texinfoversion]:}
 
+% If in a .fmt file, print the version number
+% and turn on active characters that we couldn't do earlier because
+% they might have appeared in the input file name.
+\everyjob{\message{[Texinfo version \texinfoversion]}%
+  \catcode`+=\active \catcode`\_=\active}
+
 % LaTeX's \typeout.  This ensures that the messages it is used for
 % are identical in format to the corresponding ones from latex/pdflatex.
 \def\typeout{\immediate\write17}%
@@ -235,6 +241,9 @@
 %
 \def\finalout{\overfullrule=0pt }
 
+\newdimen\outerhsize \newdimen\outervsize % set by the paper size routines
+\newdimen\topandbottommargin \topandbottommargin=.75in
+
 % Output a mark which sets \thischapter, \thissection and \thiscolor.
 % We dump everything together because we only have one kind of mark.
 % This works because we only use \botmark / \topmark, not \firstmark.
@@ -275,7 +284,8 @@
 % \topmark doesn't work for the very first chapter (after the title
 % page or the contents), so we use \firstmark there -- this gets us
 % the mark with the chapter defs, unless the user sneaks in, e.g.,
-% @setcolor (or @url etc.) between @contents and the very first @chapter.
+% @setcolor (or @url, or @link, etc.) between @contents and the very
+% first @chapter.
 \def\gettopheadingmarks{%
   \ifcase0\the\savedtopmark\fi
   \ifx\thischapter\empty \ifcase0\firstmark\fi \fi
@@ -307,8 +317,16 @@
 \newbox\footlinebox
 
 % When outputting the double column layout for indices, an output routine
-% is run several times, hiding the original value of \topmark.  Hence, save
-% \topmark at the beginning.
+% is run several times, which hides the original value of \topmark.  This
+% can lead to a page heading being output and duplicating the chapter heading
+% of the index.  Hence, save the contents of \topmark at the beginning of
+% the output routine.  The saved contents are valid until we actually
+% \shipout a page.
+%
+% (We used to run a short output routine to actually set \topmark and
+% \firstmark to the right values, but if this was called with an empty page
+% containing whatsits for writing index entries, the whatsits would be thrown
+% away and the index auxiliary file would remain empty.)
 %
 \newtoks\savedtopmark
 \newif\iftopmarksaved
@@ -333,9 +351,15 @@
   %
   \checkchapterpage
   %
-  % Make the heading and footing.  \makeheadline and \makefootline
-  % use the contents of \headline and \footline.
+  % Retrieve the information for the headings from the marks in the page,
+  % and call Plain TeX's \makeheadline and \makefootline, which use the
+  % values in \headline and \footline.
+  %
+  % Common context changes for both heading and footing.
+  % Do this outside of the \shipout so @code etc. will be expanded in
+  % the headline as they should be, not taken literally (outputting ''code).
   \def\commonheadfootline{\let\hsize=\txipagewidth \texinfochars}
+  %
   \ifodd\pageno \getoddheadingmarks \else \getevenheadingmarks \fi
   \global\setbox\headlinebox = \vbox{\commonheadfootline \makeheadline}%
   \ifodd\pageno \getoddfootingmarks \else \getevenfootingmarks \fi
@@ -426,21 +450,42 @@
 }
 
 % First remove any @comment, then any @c comment.  Pass the result on to
-% \argremovespace.
+% \argcheckspaces.
 \def\argremovecomment#1\comment#2\ArgTerm{\argremovec #1\c\ArgTerm}
-\def\argremovec#1\c#2\ArgTerm{\argremovespace#1$ $\ArgTerm}
-% \argremovec might leave us with trailing space, though; e.g.,
+\def\argremovec#1\c#2\ArgTerm{\argcheckspaces#1\^^M\ArgTerm}
+
+% Each occurrence of `\^^M' or `<space>\^^M' is replaced by a single space.
+%
+% \argremovec might leave us with trailing space, e.g.,
 %    @end itemize  @c foo
-% Note that the argument cannot contain the TeX $, as its catcode is
-% changed to \other when Texinfo source is read.
-\def\argremovespace#1 $#2\ArgTerm{\finishparsearg#1$\ArgTerm}
+% This space token undergoes the same procedure and is eventually removed
+% by \finishparsearg.
+%
+\def\argcheckspaces#1\^^M{\argcheckspacesX#1\^^M \^^M}
+\def\argcheckspacesX#1 \^^M{\argcheckspacesY#1\^^M}
+\def\argcheckspacesY#1\^^M#2\^^M#3\ArgTerm{%
+  \def\temp{#3}%
+  \ifx\temp\empty
+    % Do not use \next, perhaps the caller of \parsearg uses it; reuse \temp:
+    \let\temp\finishparsearg
+  \else
+    \let\temp\argcheckspaces
+  \fi
+  % Put the space token in:
+  \temp#1 #3\ArgTerm
+}
 
 % If a _delimited_ argument is enclosed in braces, they get stripped; so
 % to get _exactly_ the rest of the line, we had to prevent such situation.
-% We prepended an \empty token at the very beginning and we expand it
-% just before passing the control to \next.
-% (But first, we have to remove the remaining $ or two.)
-\def\finishparsearg#1$#2\ArgTerm{\expandafter\argtorun\expandafter{#1}}
+% We prepended an \empty token at the very beginning and we expand it now,
+% just before passing the control to \argtorun.
+% (Similarly, we have to think about #3 of \argcheckspacesY above: it is
+% either the null string, or it ends with \^^M---thus there is no danger
+% that a pair of braces would be stripped.
+%
+% But first, we have to remove the trailing space token.
+%
+\def\finishparsearg#1 \ArgTerm{\expandafter\argtorun\expandafter{#1}}
 
 
 % \parseargdef - define a command taking an argument on the line
@@ -502,7 +547,7 @@
 
 % ... but they get defined via ``\envdef\foo{...}'':
 \long\def\envdef#1#2{\def#1{\startenvironment#1#2}}
-\long\def\envparseargdef#1#2{\parseargdef#1{\startenvironment#1#2}}
+\def\envparseargdef#1#2{\parseargdef#1{\startenvironment#1#2}}
 
 % Check whether we're in the right environment:
 \def\checkenv#1{%
@@ -563,9 +608,6 @@
 % @/ allows a line break.
 \let\/=\allowbreak
 
-% @- allows explicit insertion of hyphenation points
-\def\-{\discretionary{\normaldash}{}{}}%
-
 % @. is an end-of-sentence period.
 \def\.{.\spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor\space}
 
@@ -575,6 +617,21 @@
 % @? is an end-of-sentence query.
 \def\?{?\spacefactor=\endofsentencespacefactor\space}
 
+% @frenchspacing on|off  says whether to put extra space after punctuation.
+%
+\def\onword{on}
+\def\offword{off}
+%
+\parseargdef\frenchspacing{%
+  \def\temp{#1}%
+  \ifx\temp\onword \plainfrenchspacing
+  \else\ifx\temp\offword \plainnonfrenchspacing
+  \else
+    \errhelp = \EMsimple
+    \errmessage{Unknown @frenchspacing option `\temp', must be on|off}%
+  \fi\fi
+}
+
 % @w prevents a word break.  Without the \leavevmode, @w at the
 % beginning of a paragraph, when TeX is still in vertical mode, would
 % produce a whole line of output instead of starting the paragraph.
@@ -668,22 +725,32 @@ where each line of input produces a line
   \dimen2 = \ht\strutbox
   \advance\dimen2 by \dp\strutbox
   \ifdim\dimen0 > \dimen2
-    % This is similar to the 'needspace' module in LaTeX.
-    % The first penalty allows a break if the end of the page is
-    % not too far away.  Following penalties and skips are discarded.
-    % Otherwise, require at least \dimen0 of vertical space.
-    %
-    % (We used to use a \vtop to reserve space, but this had spacing issues
-    % when followed by a section heading, as it was not a "discardable item".
-    % This also has the benefit of providing glue before the page break if
-    % there isn't enough space.)
-    \vskip0pt plus \dimen0
-    \penalty-100
-    \vskip0pt plus -\dimen0
-    \vskip \dimen0
+    %
+    % Do a \strut just to make the height of this box be normal, so the
+    % normal leading is inserted relative to the preceding line.
+    % And a page break here is fine.
+    \vtop to #1\mil{\strut\vfil}%
+    %
+    % TeX does not even consider page breaks if a penalty added to the
+    % main vertical list is 10000 or more.  But in order to see if the
+    % empty box we just added fits on the page, we must make it consider
+    % page breaks.  On the other hand, we don't want to actually break the
+    % page after the empty box.  So we use a penalty of 9999.
+    %
+    % There is an extremely small chance that TeX will actually break the
+    % page at this \penalty, if there are no other feasible breakpoints in
+    % sight.  (If the user is using lots of big @group commands, which
+    % almost-but-not-quite fill up a page, TeX will have a hard time doing
+    % good page breaking, for example.)  However, I could not construct an
+    % example where a page broke at this \penalty; if it happens in a real
+    % document, then we can reconsider our strategy.
     \penalty9999
-    \vskip -\dimen0
-    \penalty0\relax % this hides the above glue from \safewhatsit and \dobreak
+    %
+    % Back up by the size of the box, whether we did a page break or not.
+    \kern -#1\mil
+    %
+    % Do not allow a page break right after this kern.
+    \nobreak
   \fi
 }
 
@@ -1080,33 +1147,27 @@ where each line of input produces a line
 
 % Output page labels information.
 % See PDF reference v.1.7 p.594, section 8.3.1.
-% Page label ranges must be increasing.
 \ifpdf
 \def\pagelabels{%
   \def\title{0 << /P (T-) /S /D >>}%
+  \edef\roman{\the\romancount << /S /r >>}%
+  \edef\arabic{\the\arabiccount << /S /D >>}%
   %
-  % support @contents at very end of document
-  \ifnum\contentsendcount=\pagecount
-    \ifnum\arabiccount<\romancount
-      \pdfcatalog{/PageLabels << /Nums
-                  [\title
-                   \the\arabiccount << /S /D >>
-                   \the\romancount << /S /r >>
-                  ] >> }\relax
-    \fi
-  % no contents in document
-  \else\ifnum\contentsendcount=0
-    \pdfcatalog{/PageLabels << /Nums
-                [\title
-                 \the\arabiccount << /S /D >>
-                ] >> }\relax
-  \else
-    \pdfcatalog{/PageLabels << /Nums
-                [\title
-                 \the\romancount << /S /r >>
-                 \the\contentsendcount << /S /D >>
-                ] >> }\relax
-  \fi\fi
+  % Page label ranges must be increasing.  Remove any duplicates.
+  % (There is a slight chance of this being wrong if e.g. there is
+  % a @contents but no @titlepage, etc.)
+  %
+  \ifnum\romancount=0 \def\roman{}\fi
+  \ifnum\arabiccount=0 \def\title{}%
+  \else
+    \ifnum\romancount=\arabiccount \def\roman{}\fi
+  \fi
+  %
+  \ifnum\romancount<\arabiccount
+    \pdfcatalog{/PageLabels << /Nums [\title \roman \arabic ] >> }\relax
+  \else
+    \pdfcatalog{/PageLabels << /Nums [\title \arabic \roman ] >> }\relax
+  \fi
 }
 \else
   \let\pagelabels\relax
@@ -1115,8 +1176,6 @@ where each line of input produces a line
 \newcount\pagecount \pagecount=0
 \newcount\romancount \romancount=0
 \newcount\arabiccount \arabiccount=0
-\newcount\contentsendcount \contentsendcount=0
-
 \ifpdf
   \let\ptxadvancepageno\advancepageno
   \def\advancepageno{%
@@ -1180,17 +1239,13 @@ output) for that.)}
   %
   % Set color, and create a mark which defines \thiscolor accordingly,
   % so that \makeheadline knows which color to restore.
-  \def\curcolor{0 0 0}%
   \def\setcolor#1{%
-    \ifx#1\curcolor\else
-      \xdef\currentcolordefs{\gdef\noexpand\thiscolor{#1}}%
-      \domark
-      \pdfsetcolor{#1}%
-      \xdef\curcolor{#1}%
-    \fi
+    \xdef\currentcolordefs{\gdef\noexpand\thiscolor{#1}}%
+    \domark
+    \pdfsetcolor{#1}%
   }
   %
-  \let\maincolor\rgbBlack
+  \def\maincolor{\rgbBlack}
   \pdfsetcolor{\maincolor}
   \edef\thiscolor{\maincolor}
   \def\currentcolordefs{}
@@ -1346,7 +1401,7 @@ output) for that.)}
   %
   % by default, use black for everything.
   \def\urlcolor{\rgbBlack}
-  \let\linkcolor\rgbBlack
+  \def\linkcolor{\rgbBlack}
   \def\endlink{\setcolor{\maincolor}\pdfendlink}
   %
   % Adding outlines to PDF; macros for calculating structure of outlines
@@ -1524,10 +1579,9 @@ output) for that.)}
     \next}
   \def\makelink{\addtokens{\toksB}%
     {\noexpand\pdflink{\the\toksC}}\toksC={}\global\countA=0}
-  \def\pdflink#1{\pdflinkpage{#1}{#1}}%
-  \def\pdflinkpage#1#2{%
+  \def\pdflink#1{%
     \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]} goto name{\pdfmkpgn{#1}}
-    \setcolor{\linkcolor}#2\endlink}
+    \setcolor{\linkcolor}#1\endlink}
   \def\done{\edef\st{\global\noexpand\toksA={\the\toksB}}\st}
 \else
   % non-pdf mode
@@ -1774,11 +1828,10 @@ output) for that.)}
     \next}
   \def\makelink{\addtokens{\toksB}%
     {\noexpand\pdflink{\the\toksC}}\toksC={}\global\countA=0}
-  \def\pdflink#1{\pdflinkpage{#1}{#1}}%
-  \def\pdflinkpage#1#2{%
+  \def\pdflink#1{%
     \special{pdf:bann << /Border [0 0 0]
       /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A << /S /GoTo /D (#1) >> >>}%
-    \setcolor{\linkcolor}#2\endlink}
+    \setcolor{\linkcolor}#1\endlink}
   \def\done{\edef\st{\global\noexpand\toksA={\the\toksB}}\st}
 %
   %
@@ -2123,11 +2176,6 @@ end
     \pdffontattr#1{/ToUnicode \the\pdflastobj\space 0 R}%
   }%
 \fi\fi
-%
-% This is what gets called when #5 of \setfont is empty.
-\let\cmap\gobble
-%
-% (end of cmaps)
 
 
 % Set the font macro #1 to the font named \fontprefix#2.
@@ -2143,10 +2191,11 @@ end
 \def\setfont#1#2#3#4#5{%
   \font#1=\fontprefix#2#3 scaled #4
   \csname cmap#5\endcsname#1%
-  \ifx#2\ttshape\hyphenchar#1=-1 \fi
-  \ifx#2\ttbshape\hyphenchar#1=-1 \fi
-  \ifx#2\ttslshape\hyphenchar#1=-1 \fi
 }
+% This is what gets called when #5 of \setfont is empty.
+\let\cmap\gobble
+%
+% (end of cmaps)
 
 % Use cm as the default font prefix.
 % To specify the font prefix, you must define \fontprefix
@@ -2509,7 +2558,7 @@ end
 \def\it{\fam=\itfam \setfontstyle{it}}
 \def\sl{\fam=\slfam \setfontstyle{sl}}
 \def\bf{\fam=\bffam \setfontstyle{bf}}\def\bfstylename{bf}
-\def\tt{\fam=\ttfam \setfontstyle{tt}}
+\def\tt{\fam=\ttfam \setfontstyle{tt}}\def\ttstylename{tt}
 
 % Texinfo sort of supports the sans serif font style, which plain TeX does not.
 % So we set up a \sf.
@@ -2537,30 +2586,34 @@ end
   \scriptfont\sffam=\sevensf
 }
 
+%
 
-
-% \defineassignfonts{SIZE} -
-%   Define sequence \assignfontsSIZE, which switches between font sizes
-% by redefining the meanings of \STYLEfont.  (Just \STYLE additionally sets
-% the current \fam for math mode.)
-%
-\def\defineassignfonts#1{%
-  \expandafter\edef\csname assignfonts#1\endcsname{%
-    \let\noexpand\rmfont\csname #1rm\endcsname
-    \let\noexpand\itfont\csname #1it\endcsname
-    \let\noexpand\slfont\csname #1sl\endcsname
-    \let\noexpand\bffont\csname #1bf\endcsname
-    \let\noexpand\ttfont\csname #1tt\endcsname
-    \let\noexpand\smallcaps\csname #1sc\endcsname
-    \let\noexpand\sffont  \csname #1sf\endcsname
-    \let\noexpand\ifont   \csname #1i\endcsname
-    \let\noexpand\syfont  \csname #1sy\endcsname
-    \let\noexpand\ttslfont\csname #1ttsl\endcsname
-  }
-}
+% The font-changing commands (all called \...fonts) redefine the meanings
+% of \STYLEfont, instead of just \STYLE.  We do this because \STYLE needs
+% to also set the current \fam for math mode.  Our \STYLE (e.g., \rm)
+% commands hardwire \STYLEfont to set the current font.
+%
+% The fonts used for \ifont are for "math italics"  (\itfont is for italics
+% in regular text).  \syfont is also used in math mode only.
+%
+% Each font-changing command also sets the names \lsize (one size lower)
+% and \lllsize (three sizes lower).  These relative commands are used
+% in, e.g., the LaTeX logo and acronyms.
+%
+% This all needs generalizing, badly.
+%
 
 \def\assignfonts#1{%
-  \csname assignfonts#1\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\rmfont\csname #1rm\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\itfont\csname #1it\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\slfont\csname #1sl\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\bffont\csname #1bf\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\ttfont\csname #1tt\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\smallcaps\csname #1sc\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\sffont  \csname #1sf\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\ifont   \csname #1i\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\syfont  \csname #1sy\endcsname
+  \expandafter\let\expandafter\ttslfont\csname #1ttsl\endcsname
 }
 
 \newif\ifrmisbold
@@ -2584,21 +2637,12 @@ end
    \csname\curfontstyle\endcsname
 }%
 
-% Define the font-changing commands (all called \...fonts).
-% Each font-changing command also sets the names \lsize (one size lower)
-% and \lllsize (three sizes lower).  These relative commands are used
-% in, e.g., the LaTeX logo and acronyms.
-%
-% Note: The fonts used for \ifont are for "math italics"  (\itfont is for
-% italics in regular text).  \syfont is also used in math mode only.
-%
 \def\definefontsetatsize#1#2#3#4#5{%
-  \defineassignfonts{#1}%
 \expandafter\def\csname #1fonts\endcsname{%
   \def\curfontsize{#1}%
   \def\lsize{#2}\def\lllsize{#3}%
   \csname rmisbold#5\endcsname
-  \csname assignfonts#1\endcsname
+  \assignfonts{#1}%
   \resetmathfonts
   \setleading{#4}%
 }}
@@ -2643,22 +2687,9 @@ end
 % Check if we are currently using a typewriter font.  Since all the
 % Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero interword stretch (and
 % shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all typewriter fonts to have
-% this property, we can check that font parameter. #1 is what to
-% print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print otherwise.
-\def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi}
-
-% Same as above, but check for italic font.  Actually this also catches
-% non-italic slanted fonts since it is impossible to distinguish them from
-% italic fonts.  But since this is only used by $ and it uses \sl anyway
-% this is not a problem.
-\def\ifusingit#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen1\font>0pt #1\else #2\fi}
-
-
-% Check if internal flag is clear, i.e. has not been @set.
-\def\ifflagclear#1#2#3{%
-  \expandafter\ifx\csname SET#1\endcsname\relax
-  #2\else#3\fi
-}
+% this property, we can check that font parameter.
+%
+\def\ifmonospace{\ifdim\fontdimen3\font=0pt }
 
 {
 \catcode`\'=\active
@@ -2667,33 +2698,41 @@ end
 \gdef\setcodequotes{\let`\codequoteleft \let'\codequoteright}
 \gdef\setregularquotes{\let`\lq \let'\rq}
 }
-\setregularquotes
 
-% output for ' in @code
-% in tt font hex 0D (undirected) or 27 (curly right quote)
+% Allow an option to not use regular directed right quote/apostrophe
+% (char 0x27), but instead the undirected quote from cmtt (char 0x0d).
+% The undirected quote is ugly, so don't make it the default, but it
+% works for pasting with more pdf viewers (at least evince), the
+% lilypond developers report.  xpdf does work with the regular 0x27.
 %
 \def\codequoteright{%
-  \ifusingtt
-      {\ifflagclear{txicodequoteundirected}%
-          {\ifflagclear{codequoteundirected}%
-              {'}%
-              {\char"0D }}%
-          {\char"0D }}%
-      {'}%
+  \ifmonospace
+    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxicodequoteundirected\endcsname\relax
+      \expandafter\ifx\csname SETcodequoteundirected\endcsname\relax
+        '%
+      \else \char'15 \fi
+    \else \char'15 \fi
+   \else
+     '%
+   \fi
 }
-
-% output for ` in @code
-% in tt font hex 12 (grave accent) or 60 (curly left quote)
-% \relax disables Spanish ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font.
+%
+% and a similar option for the left quote char vs. a grave accent.
+% Modern fonts display ASCII 0x60 as a grave accent, so some people like
+% the code environments to do likewise.
 %
 \def\codequoteleft{%
-  \ifusingtt
-      {\ifflagclear{txicodequotebacktick}%
-          {\ifflagclear{codequotebacktick}%
-              {\relax`}%
-              {\char"12 }}%
-          {\char"12 }}%
-      {\relax`}%
+  \ifmonospace
+    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxicodequotebacktick\endcsname\relax
+      \expandafter\ifx\csname SETcodequotebacktick\endcsname\relax
+        % [Knuth] pp. 380,381,391
+        % \relax disables Spanish ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font.
+        \relax`%
+      \else \char'22 \fi
+    \else \char'22 \fi
+   \else
+     \relax`%
+   \fi
 }
 
 % Commands to set the quote options.
@@ -2711,7 +2750,7 @@ end
     \errmessage{Unknown @codequoteundirected value `\temp', must be on|off}%
   \fi\fi
 }
-
+%
 \parseargdef\codequotebacktick{%
   \def\temp{#1}%
   \ifx\temp\onword
@@ -2726,11 +2765,6 @@ end
   \fi\fi
 }
 
-% Turn them on by default
-\let\SETtxicodequoteundirected = t
-\let\SETtxicodequotebacktick = t
-
-
 % [Knuth] pp. 380,381,391, disable Spanish ligatures ?` and !` of \tt font.
 \def\noligaturesquoteleft{\relax\lq}
 
@@ -2745,16 +2779,15 @@ end
 \def\dosmartslant#1#2{%
   \ifusingtt
     {{\ttsl #2}\let\next=\relax}%
-    {\def\next{{#1#2}\smartitaliccorrection}}%
+    {\def\next{{#1#2}\futurelet\next\smartitaliccorrection}}%
   \next
 }
 \def\smartslanted{\dosmartslant\sl}
 \def\smartitalic{\dosmartslant\it}
 
-% Output an italic correction unless the following character is such as
-% not to need one.
-\def\smartitaliccorrection{\futurelet\next\smartitaliccorrectionx}
-\def\smartitaliccorrectionx{%
+% Output an italic correction unless \next (presumed to be the following
+% character) is such as not to need one.
+\def\smartitaliccorrection{%
   \ifx\next,%
   \else\ifx\next-%
   \else\ifx\next.%
@@ -2765,41 +2798,27 @@ end
   \aftersmartic
 }
 
-% @cite unconditionally uses \sl with \smartitaliccorrection.
-\def\cite#1{{\sl #1}\smartitaliccorrection}
+% Unconditional use \ttsl, and no ic.  @var is set to this for defuns.
+\def\ttslanted#1{{\ttsl #1}}
+
+% @cite is like \smartslanted except unconditionally use \sl.  We never want
+% ttsl for book titles, do we?
+\def\cite#1{{\sl #1}\futurelet\next\smartitaliccorrection}
 
-% @var unconditionally uses \sl.  This gives consistency for
-% parameter names whether they are in @def, @table @code or a
-% regular paragraph.
-%  To get ttsl font for @var when used in code context, @set txicodevaristt.
-% The \null is to reset \spacefactor.
 \def\aftersmartic{}
 \def\var#1{%
   \let\saveaftersmartic = \aftersmartic
   \def\aftersmartic{\null\let\aftersmartic=\saveaftersmartic}%
-  %
-  \ifflagclear{txicodevaristt}%
-    {\def\varnext{{{\sl #1}}\smartitaliccorrection}}%
-    {\def\varnext{\smartslanted{#1}}}%
-  \varnext
+  \smartslanted{#1}%
 }
 
-% To be removed after next release
-\def\SETtxicodevaristt{}% @set txicodevaristt
-
 \let\i=\smartitalic
 \let\slanted=\smartslanted
 \let\dfn=\smartslanted
 \let\emph=\smartitalic
 
-% @r for roman font, used for code comment
-\def\r#1{{%
-  \usenormaldash % get --, --- ligatures even if in @code
-  \defcharsdefault  % in case on def line
-  \rm #1}}
-{\catcode`-=\active \gdef\usenormaldash{\let-\normaldash}}
-
-% @sc, undocumented @ii.
+% Explicit font changes: @r, @sc, undocumented @ii.
+\def\r#1{{\rm #1}}              % roman font
 \def\sc#1{{\smallcaps#1}}       % smallcaps font
 \def\ii#1{{\it #1}}             % italic font
 
@@ -2810,8 +2829,12 @@ end
 % @sansserif, explicit sans.
 \def\sansserif#1{{\sf #1}}
 
-\newif\iffrenchspacing
-\frenchspacingfalse
+% We can't just use \exhyphenpenalty, because that only has effect at
+% the end of a paragraph.  Restore normal hyphenation at the end of the
+% group within which \nohyphenation is presumably called.
+%
+\def\nohyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = -1  \aftergroup\restorehyphenation}
+\def\restorehyphenation{\hyphenchar\font = `- }
 
 % Set sfcode to normal for the chars that usually have another value.
 % Can't use plain's \frenchspacing because it uses the `\x notation, and
@@ -2819,45 +2842,21 @@ end
 %
 \catcode`@=11
   \def\plainfrenchspacing{%
-    \iffrenchspacing\else
-      \frenchspacingtrue
-      \sfcode`\.=\@m \sfcode`\?=\@m \sfcode`\!=\@m
-      \sfcode`\:=\@m \sfcode`\;=\@m \sfcode`\,=\@m
-      \def\endofsentencespacefactor{1000}% for @. and friends
-    \fi
+    \sfcode`\.=\@m \sfcode`\?=\@m \sfcode`\!=\@m
+    \sfcode`\:=\@m \sfcode`\;=\@m \sfcode`\,=\@m
+    \def\endofsentencespacefactor{1000}% for @. and friends
   }
   \def\plainnonfrenchspacing{%
-    \iffrenchspacing
-      \frenchspacingfalse
-       \sfcode`\.3000\sfcode`\?3000\sfcode`\!3000
-       \sfcode`\:2000\sfcode`\;1500\sfcode`\,1250
-       \def\endofsentencespacefactor{3000}% for @. and friends
-    \fi
+    \sfcode`\.3000\sfcode`\?3000\sfcode`\!3000
+    \sfcode`\:2000\sfcode`\;1500\sfcode`\,1250
+    \def\endofsentencespacefactor{3000}% for @. and friends
   }
 \catcode`@=\other
 \def\endofsentencespacefactor{3000}% default
 
-% @frenchspacing on|off  says whether to put extra space after punctuation.
-%
-\def\onword{on}
-\def\offword{off}
-%
-\let\frenchspacingsetting\plainnonfrenchspacing % used in output routine
-\parseargdef\frenchspacing{%
-  \def\temp{#1}%
-  \ifx\temp\onword \let\frenchspacingsetting\plainfrenchspacing
-  \else\ifx\temp\offword \let\frenchspacingsetting\plainnonfrenchspacing
-  \else
-    \errhelp = \EMsimple
-    \errmessage{Unknown @frenchspacing option `\temp', must be on|off}%
-  \fi\fi
-  \frenchspacingsetting
-}
-
-
 % @t, explicit typewriter.
 \def\t#1{%
-  {\tt \defcharsdefault \plainfrenchspacing #1}%
+  {\tt \plainfrenchspacing #1}%
   \null
 }
 
@@ -2878,29 +2877,27 @@ end
     % Switch to typewriter.
     \tt
     %
-    % `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space.
+    % But `\ ' produces the large typewriter interword space.
     \def\ {{\spaceskip = 0pt{} }}%
     %
+    % Turn off hyphenation.
+    \nohyphenation
+    %
     \plainfrenchspacing
     #1%
   }%
   \null % reset spacefactor to 1000
 }
 
-% This is for LuaTeX: It is not sufficient to disable hyphenation at
-% explicit dashes by setting `\hyphenchar` to -1.
-\def\dashnobreak{%
-  \normaldash
-  \penalty 10000 }
-
-% We must turn on hyphenation at `-' and `_' in @code.
+% We *must* turn on hyphenation at `-' and `_' in @code.
+% (But see \codedashfinish below.)
 % Otherwise, it is too hard to avoid overfull hboxes
 % in the Emacs manual, the Library manual, etc.
-% We explicitly allow hyphenation at these characters
-% using \discretionary.
 %
-% Hyphenation at - and hyphenation within words was turned off
-% by default for the tt fonts using the \hyphenchar parameter of TeX.
+% Unfortunately, TeX uses one parameter (\hyphenchar) to control
+% both hyphenation at - and hyphenation within words.
+% We must therefore turn them both off (\tclose does that)
+% and arrange explicitly to hyphenate at a dash. -- rms.
 {
   \catcode`\-=\active \catcode`\_=\active
   \catcode`\'=\active \catcode`\`=\active
@@ -2913,9 +2910,13 @@ end
      \let-\codedash
      \let_\codeunder
     \else
-     \let-\dashnobreak
+     \let-\normaldash
      \let_\realunder
     \fi
+    % Given -foo (with a single dash), we do not want to allow a break
+    % after the hyphen.
+    \global\let\codedashprev=\codedash
+    %
     \codex
   }
   %
@@ -2925,30 +2926,21 @@ end
     %
     % Now, output a discretionary to allow a line break, unless
     % (a) the next character is a -, or
-    % (b) the preceding character is a -, or
-    % (c) we are at the start of the string.
-    % In both cases (b) and (c), \codedashnobreak should be set to \codedash.
-    %
+    % (b) the preceding character is a -.
     % E.g., given --posix, we do not want to allow a break after either -.
     % Given --foo-bar, we do want to allow a break between the - and the b.
     \ifx\next\codedash \else
-      \ifx\codedashnobreak\codedash
+      \ifx\codedashprev\codedash
       \else \discretionary{}{}{}\fi
     \fi
     % we need the space after the = for the case when \next itself is a
     % space token; it would get swallowed otherwise.  As in @code{- a}.
-    \global\let\codedashnobreak= \next
+    \global\let\codedashprev= \next
   }
 }
 \def\normaldash{-}
 %
-\def\codex #1{\tclose{%
-  % Given -foo (with a single dash), we do not want to allow a break
-  % after the -.  \codedashnobreak is set to the first character in
-  % @code.
-  \futurelet\codedashnobreak\relax
-  #1%
-}\endgroup}
+\def\codex #1{\tclose{#1}\endgroup}
 
 \def\codeunder{%
   % this is all so @math{@code{var_name}+1} can work.  In math mode, _
@@ -3179,8 +3171,16 @@ end
 % Default is `distinct'.
 \kbdinputstyle distinct
 
-\def\kbd#1{%
-  \tclose{\kbdfont\setcodequotes#1}%
+% @kbd is like @code, except that if the argument is just one @key command,
+% then @kbd has no effect.
+\def\kbd#1{{\def\look{#1}\expandafter\kbdsub\look??\par}}
+
+\def\xkey{\key}
+\def\kbdsub#1#2#3\par{%
+  \def\one{#1}\def\three{#3}\def\threex{??}%
+  \ifx\one\xkey\ifx\threex\three \key{#2}%
+  \else{\tclose{\kbdfont\setcodequotes\look}}\fi
+  \else{\tclose{\kbdfont\setcodequotes\look}}\fi
 }
 
 % definition of @key that produces a lozenge.  Doesn't adjust to text size.
@@ -3193,9 +3193,14 @@ end
 %    \kern-0.4pt\hrule}%
 %  \kern-.06em\raise0.4pt\hbox{\angleright}}}}
 
-% definition of @key with no lozenge.
-%
-\def\key#1{{\setregularquotes \tt #1}\null}
+% definition of @key with no lozenge.  If the current font is already
+% monospace, don't change it; that way, we respect @kbdinputstyle.  But
+% if it isn't monospace, then use \tt.
+%
+\def\key#1{{\setregularquotes
+  \nohyphenation
+  \ifmonospace\else\tt\fi
+  #1}\null}
 
 % @clicksequence{File @click{} Open ...}
 \def\clicksequence#1{\begingroup #1\endgroup}
@@ -3398,8 +3403,8 @@ $$%
 \let\atchar=\@
 
 % @{ @} @lbracechar{} @rbracechar{} all generate brace characters.
-\def\lbracechar{{\ifusingtt{\char123}{\ensuremath\lbrace}}}
-\def\rbracechar{{\ifusingtt{\char125}{\ensuremath\rbrace}}}
+\def\lbracechar{{\ifmonospace\char123\else\ensuremath\lbrace\fi}}
+\def\rbracechar{{\ifmonospace\char125\else\ensuremath\rbrace\fi}}
 \let\{=\lbracechar
 \let\}=\rbracechar
 
@@ -3453,13 +3458,8 @@ $$%
        % Revert to plain's \scriptsize, which is 7pt.
        \count255=\the\fam $\fam\count255 \scriptstyle A$%
      \else
-       \ifx\curfontsize\smallword
-         % For footnotes and indices
-         \count255=\the\fam $\fam\count255 \scriptstyle A$%
-       \else
-         % For 11pt, we can use our lllsize.
-         \switchtolllsize A%
-       \fi
+       % For 11pt, we can use our lllsize.
+       \switchtolllsize A%
      \fi
      }%
      \vss
@@ -3467,7 +3467,6 @@ $$%
   \kern-.15em
   \TeX
 }
-\def\smallword{small}
 
 % Some math mode symbols.  Define \ensuremath to switch into math mode
 % unless we are already there.  Expansion tricks may not be needed here,
@@ -3546,7 +3545,7 @@ $$%
 
 % @pounds{} is a sterling sign, which Knuth put in the CM italic font.
 %
-\def\pounds{{\ifusingtt{\ecfont\char"BF}{\it\$}}}
+\def\pounds{\ifmonospace{\ecfont\char"BF}\else{\it\$}\fi}
 
 % @euro{} comes from a separate font, depending on the current style.
 % We use the free feym* fonts from the eurosym package by Henrik
@@ -3615,9 +3614,6 @@ $$%
 \def\quotedblbase{{\ecfont \char"12}}
 \def\quotesinglbase{{\ecfont \char"0D}}
 %
-\def\L{{\ecfont \char"8A}} % L with stroke
-\def\l{{\ecfont \char"AA}} % l with stroke
-%
 % This positioning is not perfect (see the ogonek LaTeX package), but
 % we have the precomposed glyphs for the most common cases.  We put the
 % tests to use those glyphs in the single \ogonek macro so we have fewer
@@ -3660,17 +3656,18 @@ $$%
   % hopefully nobody will notice/care.
   \edef\ecsize{\csname\curfontsize ecsize\endcsname}%
   \edef\nominalsize{\csname\curfontsize nominalsize\endcsname}%
-  \ifusingtt
-      % typewriter:
-     {\font\thisecfont = #1ctt\ecsize \space at \nominalsize}%
-  % else
-     {\ifx\curfontstyle\bfstylename
-        % bold:
-        \font\thisecfont = #1cb\ifusingit{i}{x}\ecsize \space at \nominalsize
-      \else
-        % regular:
-        \font\thisecfont = #1c\ifusingit{ti}{rm}\ecsize \space at \nominalsize
-      \fi}%
+  \ifmonospace
+    % typewriter:
+    \font\thisecfont = #1ctt\ecsize \space at \nominalsize
+  \else
+    \ifx\curfontstyle\bfstylename
+      % bold:
+      \font\thisecfont = #1cb\ifusingit{i}{x}\ecsize \space at \nominalsize
+    \else
+      % regular:
+      \font\thisecfont = #1c\ifusingit{ti}{rm}\ecsize \space at \nominalsize
+    \fi
+  \fi
   \thisecfont
 }
 
@@ -3686,10 +3683,7 @@ $$%
 
 % @textdegree - the normal degrees sign.
 %
-\def\textdegree{%
-   \ifmmode ^\circ
-   \else {\tcfont \char 176}%
-   \fi}
+\def\textdegree{$^\circ$}
 
 % Laurent Siebenmann reports \Orb undefined with:
 %  Textures 1.7.7 (preloaded format=plain 93.10.14)  (68K)  16 APR 2004 02:38
@@ -3706,11 +3700,11 @@ $$%
 % only change font for tt for correct kerning and to avoid using
 % \ecfont unless necessary.
 \def\quotedblleft{%
-  \ifusingtt{{\ecfont\char"10}}{{\char"5C}}%
+  \ifmonospace{\ecfont\char"10}\else{\char"5C}\fi
 }
 
 \def\quotedblright{%
-  \ifusingtt{{\ecfont\char"11}}{{\char`\"}}%
+  \ifmonospace{\ecfont\char"11}\else{\char`\"}\fi
 }
 
 
@@ -3735,14 +3729,13 @@ $$%
               want the contents after the title page.}}%
 
 \parseargdef\shorttitlepage{%
-  {\headingsoff \begingroup \hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}%
-  \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page}\pageone}
+  \begingroup \hbox{}\vskip 1.5in \chaprm \centerline{#1}%
+  \endgroup\page\hbox{}\page}
 
 \envdef\titlepage{%
   % Open one extra group, as we want to close it in the middle of \Etitlepage.
   \begingroup
     \parindent=0pt \textfonts
-    \headingsoff
     % Leave some space at the very top of the page.
     \vglue\titlepagetopglue
     % No rule at page bottom unless we print one at the top with @title.
@@ -3770,9 +3763,11 @@ $$%
     % If we use the new definition of \page, we always get a blank page
     % after the title page, which we certainly don't want.
     \oldpage
-    \pageone
   \endgroup
   %
+  % Need this before the \...aftertitlepage checks so that if they are
+  % in effect the toc pages will come out with page numbers.
+  \HEADINGSon
 }
 
 \def\finishtitlepage{%
@@ -3839,16 +3834,15 @@ $$%
 \newtoks\oddfootline     % footline on odd pages
 
 % Now make \makeheadline and \makefootline in Plain TeX use those variables
-\headline={{\textfonts\rm\frenchspacingsetting
+\headline={{\textfonts\rm
             \ifchapterpage
               \ifodd\pageno\the\oddchapheadline\else\the\evenchapheadline\fi
             \else
               \ifodd\pageno\the\oddheadline\else\the\evenheadline\fi
             \fi}}
 
-\footline={{\textfonts\rm\frenchspacingsetting
-            \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline \else \the\evenfootline \fi}%
-           \HEADINGShook}
+\footline={{\textfonts\rm \ifodd\pageno \the\oddfootline
+                            \else \the\evenfootline \fi}\HEADINGShook}
 \let\HEADINGShook=\relax
 
 % Commands to set those variables.
@@ -3941,37 +3935,46 @@ $$%
 }
 
 \def\HEADINGSoff{{\globaldefs=1 \headingsoff}} % global setting
+\HEADINGSoff  % it's the default
 
-% Set the page number to 1.
+% When we turn headings on, set the page number to 1.
 \def\pageone{
   \global\pageno=1
   \global\arabiccount = \pagecount
 }
 
-\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
-
-% \def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble} % defined by \CHAPPAGon
-
 % For double-sided printing, put current file name in lower left corner,
 % chapter name on inside top of right hand pages, document
 % title on inside top of left hand pages, and page numbers on outside top
 % edge of all pages.
-\def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdouble}
-\let\HEADINGSdoubleafter=\HEADINGSafter
 \def\HEADINGSdouble{%
+\pageone
+\HEADINGSdoublex
+}
+\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
+
+% For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page,
+% page number on top right.
+\def\HEADINGSsingle{%
+\pageone
+\HEADINGSsinglex
+}
+\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}
+
+\def\HEADINGSafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSdoublex}
+\let\HEADINGSdoubleafter=\HEADINGSafter
+\def\HEADINGSdoublex{%
 \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
 \global\oddfootline={\hfil}
 \global\evenheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
 \global\oddheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
-\global\evenchapheadline={\line{\folio\hfil\thistitle}}
+\global\evenchapheadline={\line{\folio\hfil}}
 \global\oddchapheadline={\line{\hfil\folio}}
 \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chapoddpage
 }
 
-% For single-sided printing, chapter title goes across top left of page,
-% page number on top right.
-\def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsingle}
-\def\HEADINGSsingle{%
+\def\HEADINGSsingleafter{\let\HEADINGShook=\HEADINGSsinglex}
+\def\HEADINGSsinglex{%
 \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
 \global\oddfootline={\hfil}
 \global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
@@ -3983,6 +3986,7 @@ $$%
 
 % for @setchapternewpage off
 \def\HEADINGSsinglechapoff{%
+\pageone
 \global\evenfootline={\hfil}
 \global\oddfootline={\hfil}
 \global\evenheadline={\line{\thischapter\hfil\folio}}
@@ -4352,7 +4356,8 @@ $$%
 % undo it ourselves.
 \def\headitemfont{\b}% for people to use in the template row; not changeable
 \def\headitem{%
-  \crcr % must appear first
+  \checkenv\multitable
+  \crcr
   \gdef\headitemcrhook{\nobreak}% attempt to avoid page break after headings
   \global\everytab={\bf}% can't use \headitemfont since the parsing differs
   \the\everytab % for the first item
@@ -4414,7 +4419,7 @@ $$%
       % Find the correct column width
       \hsize=\expandafter\csname col\the\colcount\endcsname
       %
-      \advance\rightskip by -1\rightskip % Zero leaving only any stretch
+      \rightskip=0pt
       \ifnum\colcount=1
         \advance\hsize by\leftskip % Add indent of surrounding text
       \else
@@ -4437,7 +4442,7 @@ $$%
 
 \message{conditionals,}
 
-% @iftex, @ifnotdocbook, @ifnothtml, @ifnotinfo, @ifnotlatex, @ifnotplaintext,
+% @iftex, @ifnotdocbook, @ifnothtml, @ifnotinfo, @ifnotplaintext,
 % @ifnotxml always succeed.  They currently do nothing; we don't
 % attempt to check whether the conditionals are properly nested.  But we
 % have to remember that they are conditionals, so that @end doesn't
@@ -4451,7 +4456,6 @@ $$%
 \makecond{ifnotdocbook}
 \makecond{ifnothtml}
 \makecond{ifnotinfo}
-\makecond{ifnotlatex}
 \makecond{ifnotplaintext}
 \makecond{ifnotxml}
 
@@ -4464,12 +4468,10 @@ $$%
 \def\ifdocbook{\doignore{ifdocbook}}
 \def\ifhtml{\doignore{ifhtml}}
 \def\ifinfo{\doignore{ifinfo}}
-\def\iflatex{\doignore{iflatex}}
 \def\ifnottex{\doignore{ifnottex}}
 \def\ifplaintext{\doignore{ifplaintext}}
 \def\ifxml{\doignore{ifxml}}
 \def\ignore{\doignore{ignore}}
-\def\latex{\doignore{latex}}
 \def\menu{\doignore{menu}}
 \def\xml{\doignore{xml}}
 
@@ -4708,11 +4710,13 @@ $$%
 % except not \outer, so it can be used within macros and \if's.
 \edef\newwrite{\makecsname{ptexnewwrite}}
 
-% \newindex {IX} defines an index named IX.
+% \newindex {foo} defines an index named IX.
 % It automatically defines \IXindex such that
 % \IXindex ...rest of line... puts an entry in the index IX.
 % It also defines \IXindfile to be the number of the output channel for
 % the file that accumulates this index.  The file's extension is IX.
+% The name of an index should be no more than 2 characters long
+% for the sake of vms.
 %
 \def\newindex#1{%
   \expandafter\chardef\csname#1indfile\endcsname=0
@@ -4775,6 +4779,21 @@ $$%
 \def\docodeindexxxx #1{\docind{\indexname}{#1}}
 
 
+% Used for the aux, toc and index files to prevent expansion of Texinfo
+% commands.
+%
+\def\atdummies{%
+  \definedummyletter\@%
+  \definedummyletter\ %
+  \definedummyletter\{%
+  \definedummyletter\}%
+  \definedummyletter\&%
+  %
+  % Do the redefinitions.
+  \definedummies
+  \otherbackslash
+}
+
 % \definedummyword defines \#1 as \string\#1\space, thus effectively
 % preventing its expansion.  This is used only for control words,
 % not control letters, because the \space would be incorrect for
@@ -4790,91 +4809,110 @@ $$%
 %
 \def\definedummyword  #1{\def#1{\string#1\space}}%
 \def\definedummyletter#1{\def#1{\string#1}}%
+\let\definedummyaccent\definedummyletter
 
-% Used for the aux, toc and index files to prevent expansion of Texinfo
-% commands.  Most of the commands are controlled through the
-% \ifdummies conditional.
+% Called from \atdummies to prevent the expansion of commands.
 %
-\def\atdummies{%
-  \dummiestrue
+\def\definedummies{%
   %
-  \definedummyletter\@%
-  \definedummyletter\ %
-  \definedummyletter\{%
-  \definedummyletter\}%
-  \definedummyletter\&%
+  \let\commondummyword\definedummyword
+  \let\commondummyletter\definedummyletter
+  \let\commondummyaccent\definedummyaccent
+  \commondummiesnofonts
   %
   \definedummyletter\_%
   \definedummyletter\-%
   %
+  % Non-English letters.
+  \definedummyword\AA
+  \definedummyword\AE
+  \definedummyword\DH
+  \definedummyword\L
+  \definedummyword\O
+  \definedummyword\OE
+  \definedummyword\TH
+  \definedummyword\aa
+  \definedummyword\ae
+  \definedummyword\dh
+  \definedummyword\exclamdown
+  \definedummyword\l
+  \definedummyword\o
+  \definedummyword\oe
+  \definedummyword\ordf
+  \definedummyword\ordm
+  \definedummyword\questiondown
+  \definedummyword\ss
+  \definedummyword\th
+  %
+  % Although these internal commands shouldn't show up, sometimes they do.
+  \definedummyword\bf
+  \definedummyword\gtr
+  \definedummyword\hat
+  \definedummyword\less
+  \definedummyword\sf
+  \definedummyword\sl
+  \definedummyword\tclose
+  \definedummyword\tt
+  %
+  \definedummyword\LaTeX
+  \definedummyword\TeX
+  %
+  % Assorted special characters.
+  \definedummyword\ampchar
+  \definedummyword\atchar
+  \definedummyword\arrow
+  \definedummyword\backslashchar
+  \definedummyword\bullet
+  \definedummyword\comma
+  \definedummyword\copyright
+  \definedummyword\registeredsymbol
+  \definedummyword\dots
+  \definedummyword\enddots
+  \definedummyword\entrybreak
+  \definedummyword\equiv
+  \definedummyword\error
+  \definedummyword\euro
+  \definedummyword\expansion
+  \definedummyword\geq
+  \definedummyword\guillemetleft
+  \definedummyword\guillemetright
+  \definedummyword\guilsinglleft
+  \definedummyword\guilsinglright
+  \definedummyword\lbracechar
+  \definedummyword\leq
+  \definedummyword\mathopsup
+  \definedummyword\minus
+  \definedummyword\ogonek
+  \definedummyword\pounds
+  \definedummyword\point
+  \definedummyword\print
+  \definedummyword\quotedblbase
+  \definedummyword\quotedblleft
+  \definedummyword\quotedblright
+  \definedummyword\quoteleft
+  \definedummyword\quoteright
+  \definedummyword\quotesinglbase
+  \definedummyword\rbracechar
+  \definedummyword\result
+  \definedummyword\sub
+  \definedummyword\sup
+  \definedummyword\textdegree
+  %
   \definedummyword\subentry
   %
   % We want to disable all macros so that they are not expanded by \write.
-  \let\commondummyword\definedummyword
   \macrolist
   \let\value\dummyvalue
   %
-  \turnoffactive
+  \normalturnoffactive
 }
 
-\newif\ifdummies
-\newif\ifindexnofonts
-
-\def\commondummyletter#1{%
-  \expandafter\let\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname#1%
-  \edef#1{%
-    \noexpand\ifindexnofonts
-      % empty expansion
-    \noexpand\else
-      \noexpand\ifdummies\string#1%
-      \noexpand\else
-        \noexpand\jumptwofi % dispose of the \fi
-        \expandafter\noexpand\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname
-      \noexpand\fi
-    \noexpand\fi}%
-}
-
-\def\commondummyaccent#1{%
-  \expandafter\let\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname#1%
-  \edef#1{%
-    \noexpand\ifindexnofonts
-      \noexpand\expandafter % dispose of \else ... \fi
-      \noexpand\asis
-    \noexpand\else
-      \noexpand\ifdummies\string#1%
-      \noexpand\else
-        \noexpand\jumptwofi % dispose of the \fi
-        \expandafter\noexpand\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname
-      \noexpand\fi
-    \noexpand\fi}%
-}
-
-% Like \commondummyaccent but add a \space at the end of the dummy expansion
-% #2 is the expansion used for \indexnofonts.  #2 is always followed by
-% \asis to remove a pair of following braces.
-\def\commondummyword#1#2{%
-  \expandafter\let\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname#1%
-  \expandafter\def\csname\string#1:ixnf\endcsname{#2\asis}%
-  \edef#1{%
-    \noexpand\ifindexnofonts
-      \noexpand\expandafter % dispose of \else ... \fi
-      \expandafter\noexpand\csname\string#1:ixnf\endcsname
-    \noexpand\else
-      \noexpand\ifdummies\string#1\space
-      \noexpand\else
-        \noexpand\jumptwofi % dispose of the \fi \fi
-        \expandafter\noexpand\csname\string#1:impl\endcsname
-      \noexpand\fi
-    \noexpand\fi}%
-}
-\def\jumptwofi#1\fi\fi{\fi\fi#1}
-
-% For \atdummies and \indexnofonts.  \atdummies sets
-% \dummiestrue and \indexnofonts sets \indexnofontstrue.
-\def\definedummies{
-  % @-sign is always an escape character when reading auxiliary files
-  \escapechar = `\@
-  %
+% \commondummiesnofonts: common to \definedummies and \indexnofonts.
+% Define \commondummyletter, \commondummyaccent and \commondummyword before
+% using.  Used for accents, font commands, and various control letters.
+%
+\def\commondummiesnofonts{%
+  % Control letters and accents.
   \commondummyletter\!%
   \commondummyaccent\"%
   \commondummyaccent\'%
@@ -4888,124 +4926,58 @@ $$%
   \commondummyaccent\^%
   \commondummyaccent\`%
   \commondummyaccent\~%
-  %
-  % Control letters and accents.
-  \commondummyword\u          {}%
-  \commondummyword\v          {}%
-  \commondummyword\H          {}%
-  \commondummyword\dotaccent  {}%
-  \commondummyword\ogonek     {}%
-  \commondummyword\ringaccent {}%
-  \commondummyword\tieaccent  {}%
-  \commondummyword\ubaraccent {}%
-  \commondummyword\udotaccent {}%
-  \commondummyword\dotless    {}%
+  \commondummyword\u
+  \commondummyword\v
+  \commondummyword\H
+  \commondummyword\dotaccent
+  \commondummyword\ogonek
+  \commondummyword\ringaccent
+  \commondummyword\tieaccent
+  \commondummyword\ubaraccent
+  \commondummyword\udotaccent
+  \commondummyword\dotless
   %
   % Texinfo font commands.
-  \commondummyword\b          {}%
-  \commondummyword\i          {}%
-  \commondummyword\r          {}%
-  \commondummyword\sansserif  {}%
-  \commondummyword\sc         {}%
-  \commondummyword\slanted    {}%
-  \commondummyword\t          {}%
+  \commondummyword\b
+  \commondummyword\i
+  \commondummyword\r
+  \commondummyword\sansserif
+  \commondummyword\sc
+  \commondummyword\slanted
+  \commondummyword\t
   %
   % Commands that take arguments.
-  \commondummyword\abbr       {}%
-  \commondummyword\acronym    {}%
-  \commondummyword\anchor     {}%
-  \commondummyword\cite       {}%
-  \commondummyword\code       {}%
-  \commondummyword\command    {}%
-  \commondummyword\dfn        {}%
-  \commondummyword\dmn        {}%
-  \commondummyword\email      {}%
-  \commondummyword\emph       {}%
-  \commondummyword\env        {}%
-  \commondummyword\file       {}%
-  \commondummyword\image      {}%
-  \commondummyword\indicateurl{}%
-  \commondummyword\inforef    {}%
-  \commondummyword\kbd        {}%
-  \commondummyword\key        {}%
-  \commondummyword\link       {}%
-  \commondummyword\math       {}%
-  \commondummyword\option     {}%
-  \commondummyword\pxref      {}%
-  \commondummyword\ref        {}%
-  \commondummyword\samp       {}%
-  \commondummyword\strong     {}%
-  \commondummyword\tie        {}%
-  \commondummyword\U          {}%
-  \commondummyword\uref       {}%
-  \commondummyword\url        {}%
-  \commondummyword\var        {}%
-  \commondummyword\verb       {}%
-  \commondummyword\w          {}%
-  \commondummyword\xref       {}%
-  %
-  \commondummyword\AA               {AA}%
-  \commondummyword\AE               {AE}%
-  \commondummyword\DH               {DZZ}%
-  \commondummyword\L                {L}%
-  \commondummyword\O                {O}%
-  \commondummyword\OE               {OE}%
-  \commondummyword\TH               {TH}%
-  \commondummyword\aa               {aa}%
-  \commondummyword\ae               {ae}%
-  \commondummyword\dh               {dzz}%
-  \commondummyword\exclamdown       {!}%
-  \commondummyword\l                {l}%
-  \commondummyword\o                {o}%
-  \commondummyword\oe               {oe}%
-  \commondummyword\ordf             {a}%
-  \commondummyword\ordm             {o}%
-  \commondummyword\questiondown     {?}%
-  \commondummyword\ss               {ss}%
-  \commondummyword\th               {th}%
-  %
-  \commondummyword\LaTeX            {LaTeX}%
-  \commondummyword\TeX              {TeX}%
-  %
-  % Assorted special characters.
-  \commondummyword\ampchar          {\normalamp}%
-  \commondummyword\atchar           {\@}%
-  \commondummyword\arrow            {->}%
-  \commondummyword\backslashchar    {\realbackslash}%
-  \commondummyword\bullet           {bullet}%
-  \commondummyword\comma            {,}%
-  \commondummyword\copyright        {copyright}%
-  \commondummyword\dots             {...}%
-  \commondummyword\enddots          {...}%
-  \commondummyword\entrybreak       {}%
-  \commondummyword\equiv            {===}%
-  \commondummyword\error            {error}%
-  \commondummyword\euro             {euro}%
-  \commondummyword\expansion        {==>}%
-  \commondummyword\geq              {>=}%
-  \commondummyword\guillemetleft    {<<}%
-  \commondummyword\guillemetright   {>>}%
-  \commondummyword\guilsinglleft    {<}%
-  \commondummyword\guilsinglright   {>}%
-  \commondummyword\lbracechar       {\{}%
-  \commondummyword\leq              {<=}%
-  \commondummyword\mathopsup        {sup}%
-  \commondummyword\minus            {-}%
-  \commondummyword\pounds           {pounds}%
-  \commondummyword\point            {.}%
-  \commondummyword\print            {-|}%
-  \commondummyword\quotedblbase     {"}%
-  \commondummyword\quotedblleft     {"}%
-  \commondummyword\quotedblright    {"}%
-  \commondummyword\quoteleft        {`}%
-  \commondummyword\quoteright       {'}%
-  \commondummyword\quotesinglbase   {,}%
-  \commondummyword\rbracechar       {\}}%
-  \commondummyword\registeredsymbol {R}%
-  \commondummyword\result           {=>}%
-  \commondummyword\sub              {}%
-  \commondummyword\sup              {}%
-  \commondummyword\textdegree       {o}%
+  \commondummyword\abbr
+  \commondummyword\acronym
+  \commondummyword\anchor
+  \commondummyword\cite
+  \commondummyword\code
+  \commondummyword\command
+  \commondummyword\dfn
+  \commondummyword\dmn
+  \commondummyword\email
+  \commondummyword\emph
+  \commondummyword\env
+  \commondummyword\file
+  \commondummyword\image
+  \commondummyword\indicateurl
+  \commondummyword\inforef
+  \commondummyword\kbd
+  \commondummyword\key
+  \commondummyword\math
+  \commondummyword\option
+  \commondummyword\pxref
+  \commondummyword\ref
+  \commondummyword\samp
+  \commondummyword\strong
+  \commondummyword\tie
+  \commondummyword\U
+  \commondummyword\uref
+  \commondummyword\url
+  \commondummyword\var
+  \commondummyword\verb
+  \commondummyword\w
+  \commondummyword\xref
 }
 
 \let\indexlbrace\relax
@@ -5023,24 +4995,25 @@ $$%
 \catcode`\-=13
 \catcode`\`=13
   \gdef\indexnonalnumdisappear{%
-    \ifflagclear{txiindexlquoteignore}{}{%
+    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexlquoteignore\endcsname\relax\else
       % @set txiindexlquoteignore makes us ignore left quotes in the sort term.
       % (Introduced for FSFS 2nd ed.)
       \let`=\empty
-    }%
+    \fi
     %
-    \ifflagclear{txiindexbackslashignore}{}{%
+    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexbackslashignore\endcsname\relax\else
       \backslashdisappear
-    }%
-    \ifflagclear{txiindexhyphenignore}{}{%
+    \fi
+    %
+    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexhyphenignore\endcsname\relax\else
       \def-{}%
-    }%
-    \ifflagclear{txiindexlessthanignore}{}{%
+    \fi
+    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexlessthanignore\endcsname\relax\else
       \def<{}%
-    }%
-    \ifflagclear{txiindexatsignignore}{}{%
+    \fi
+    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexatsignignore\endcsname\relax\else
       \def\@{}%
-    }%
+    \fi
   }
 
   \gdef\indexnonalnumreappear{%
@@ -5056,7 +5029,18 @@ $$%
 % would be for a given command (usually its argument).
 %
 \def\indexnofonts{%
-  \indexnofontstrue
+  % Accent commands should become @asis.
+  \def\commondummyaccent##1{\let##1\asis}%
+  % We can just ignore other control letters.
+  \def\commondummyletter##1{\let##1\empty}%
+  % All control words become @asis by default; overrides below.
+  \let\commondummyword\commondummyaccent
+  \commondummiesnofonts
+  %
+  % Don't no-op \tt, since it isn't a user-level command
+  % and is used in the definitions of the active chars like <, >, |, etc.
+  % Likewise with the other plain tex font commands.
+  %\let\tt=\asis
   %
   \def\ { }%
   \def\@{@}%
@@ -5068,19 +5052,84 @@ $$%
   \let\lbracechar\{%
   \let\rbracechar\}%
   %
+  % Non-English letters.
+  \def\AA{AA}%
+  \def\AE{AE}%
+  \def\DH{DZZ}%
+  \def\L{L}%
+  \def\OE{OE}%
+  \def\O{O}%
+  \def\TH{TH}%
+  \def\aa{aa}%
+  \def\ae{ae}%
+  \def\dh{dzz}%
+  \def\exclamdown{!}%
+  \def\l{l}%
+  \def\oe{oe}%
+  \def\ordf{a}%
+  \def\ordm{o}%
+  \def\o{o}%
+  \def\questiondown{?}%
+  \def\ss{ss}%
+  \def\th{th}%
+  %
+  \let\do\indexnofontsdef
+  %
+  \do\LaTeX{LaTeX}%
+  \do\TeX{TeX}%
+  %
+  % Assorted special characters.
+  \do\atchar{@}%
+  \do\arrow{->}%
+  \do\bullet{bullet}%
+  \do\comma{,}%
+  \do\copyright{copyright}%
+  \do\dots{...}%
+  \do\enddots{...}%
+  \do\equiv{==}%
+  \do\error{error}%
+  \do\euro{euro}%
+  \do\expansion{==>}%
+  \do\geq{>=}%
+  \do\guillemetleft{<<}%
+  \do\guillemetright{>>}%
+  \do\guilsinglleft{<}%
+  \do\guilsinglright{>}%
+  \do\leq{<=}%
+  \do\lbracechar{\{}%
+  \do\minus{-}%
+  \do\point{.}%
+  \do\pounds{pounds}%
+  \do\print{-|}%
+  \do\quotedblbase{"}%
+  \do\quotedblleft{"}%
+  \do\quotedblright{"}%
+  \do\quoteleft{`}%
+  \do\quoteright{'}%
+  \do\quotesinglbase{,}%
+  \do\rbracechar{\}}%
+  \do\registeredsymbol{R}%
+  \do\result{=>}%
+  \do\textdegree{o}%
   %
   % We need to get rid of all macros, leaving only the arguments (if present).
   % Of course this is not nearly correct, but it is the best we can do for now.
+  % makeinfo does not expand macros in the argument to @deffn, which ends up
+  % writing an index entry, and texindex isn't prepared for an index sort entry
+  % that starts with \.
   %
   % Since macro invocations are followed by braces, we can just redefine them
   % to take a single TeX argument.  The case of a macro invocation that
   % goes to end-of-line is not handled.
   %
-  \def\commondummyword##1{\let##1\asis}%
   \macrolist
   \let\value\indexnofontsvalue
 }
 
+% Give the control sequence a definition that removes the {} that follows
+% its use, e.g. @AA{} -> AA
+\def\indexnofontsdef#1#2{\def#1##1{#2}}%
+
 
 
 
@@ -5211,10 +5260,7 @@ $$%
         \xdef\trimmed{\segment}%
         \xdef\trimmed{\expandafter\eatspaces\expandafter{\trimmed}}%
         \xdef\indexsortkey{\trimmed}%
-        \ifx\indexsortkey\empty
-          \message{Empty index sort key near line \the\inputlineno}%
-          \xdef\indexsortkey{ }%
-        \fi
+        \ifx\indexsortkey\empty\xdef\indexsortkey{ }\fi
       }\fi
       %
       % Append to \fullindexsortkey.
@@ -5238,14 +5284,14 @@ $$%
 % the current value of \escapechar.
 \def\escapeisbackslash{\escapechar=`\\}
 
-% Uncomment to use \ in index files by default.  Old texi2dvi (before 2019)
-% didn't support @ as the escape character (as it checked for "\entry" in
-% the files, and not "@entry").
-%   In the future we can remove this flag and simplify the code for
-% index files and backslashes, once the support is no longer likely to be
-% useful.
+% Use \ in index files by default.  texi2dvi didn't support @ as the escape
+% character (as it checked for "\entry" in the files, and not "@entry").  When
+% the new version of texi2dvi has had a chance to become more prevalent, then
+% the escape character can change back to @ again.  This should be an easy
+% change to make now because both @ and \ are only used as escape characters in
+% index files, never standing for themselves.
 %
-% \set txiindexescapeisbackslash
+\set txiindexescapeisbackslash
 
 % Write the entry in \indextext to the index file.
 %
@@ -5259,7 +5305,9 @@ $$%
   %
   \atdummies
   %
-  \ifflagclear{txiindexescapeisbackslash}{}{\escapeisbackslash}%
+  \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexescapeisbackslash\endcsname\relax\else
+    \escapeisbackslash
+  \fi
   %
   % For texindex which always views { and } as separators.
   \def\{{\lbracechar{}}%
@@ -5443,9 +5491,9 @@ $$%
 % old index files using \ as the escape character.  Reading this would
 % at best lead to typesetting garbage, at worst a TeX syntax error.
 \def\printindexzz#1#2\finish{%
-  \ifflagclear{txiindexescapeisbackslash}{%
+  \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiindexescapeisbackslash\endcsname\relax
     \uccode`\~=`\\ \uppercase{\if\noexpand~}\noexpand#1
-      \ifflagclear{txiskipindexfileswithbackslash}{%
+      \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiskipindexfileswithbackslash\endcsname\relax
 \errmessage{%
 ERROR: A sorted index file in an obsolete format was skipped.
 To fix this problem, please upgrade your version of 'texi2dvi'
@@ -5461,15 +5509,15 @@ this, Texinfo will try to use index file
 If you continue to have problems, deleting the index files and starting again
 might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobname.??s')%
 }%
-      }{%
+      \else
         (Skipped sorted index file in obsolete format)
-      }%
+      \fi
     \else
       \begindoublecolumns
       \input \jobname.\indexname s
       \enddoublecolumns
     \fi
-  }{%
+  \else
     \begindoublecolumns
     \catcode`\\=0\relax
     %
@@ -5479,7 +5527,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
     \catcode`\@=0\relax
     \input \jobname.\indexname s
     \enddoublecolumns
-  }%
+  \fi
 }
 
 % These macros are used by the sorted index file itself.
@@ -5554,16 +5602,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 \newdimen\entryrightmargin
 \entryrightmargin=0pt
 
-% amount to indent subsequent lines in an entry when it spans more than
-% one line.
-\newdimen\entrycontskip
-\entrycontskip=1em
-
-% for PDF output, whether to make the text of the entry a link to the page
-% number.  set for @contents and @shortcontents where there is only one
-% page number.
-\newif\iflinkentrytext
-
 % \entry typesets a paragraph consisting of the text (#1), dot leaders, and
 % then page number (#2) flushed to the right margin.  It is used for index
 % and table of contents entries.  The paragraph is indented by \leftskip.
@@ -5590,7 +5628,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 }
 \def\entrybreak{\unskip\space\ignorespaces}%
 \def\doentry{%
-    % Save the text of the entry in \boxA
+    % Save the text of the entry
     \global\setbox\boxA=\hbox\bgroup
     \bgroup % Instead of the swallowed brace.
       \noindent
@@ -5600,21 +5638,12 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
       % with catcodes occurring.
 }
 {\catcode`\@=11
-% #1 is the page number
 \gdef\finishentry#1{%
-    \egroup % end \boxA
+    \egroup % end box A
     \dimen@ = \wd\boxA % Length of text of entry
-    % add any leaders and page number to \boxA.
     \global\setbox\boxA=\hbox\bgroup
-      \ifpdforxetex
-        \iflinkentrytext
-          \pdflinkpage{#1}{\unhbox\boxA}%
-        \else
-          \unhbox\boxA
-        \fi
-      \else
-        \unhbox\boxA
-      \fi
+      \unhbox\boxA
+      % #1 is the page number.
       %
       % Get the width of the page numbers, and only use
       % leaders if they are present.
@@ -5633,8 +5662,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
         \fi
       \fi
     \egroup % end \boxA
-    %
-    % now output
     \ifdim\wd\boxB = 0pt
       \noindent\unhbox\boxA\par
       \nobreak
@@ -5652,17 +5679,41 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
       \parfillskip=0pt plus -1fill
       %
       \advance\rightskip by \entryrightmargin
+      % Determine how far we can stretch into the margin.
+      % This allows, e.g., "Appendix H  GNU Free Documentation License" to
+      % fit on one line in @letterpaper format.
+      \ifdim\entryrightmargin>2.1em
+        \dimen@i=2.1em
+      \else
+        \dimen@i=0em
+      \fi
+      \advance \parfillskip by 0pt minus 1\dimen@i
       %
       \dimen@ii = \hsize
       \advance\dimen@ii by -1\leftskip
       \advance\dimen@ii by -1\entryrightmargin
+      \advance\dimen@ii by 1\dimen@i
       \ifdim\wd\boxA > \dimen@ii % If the entry doesn't fit in one line
       \ifdim\dimen@ > 0.8\dimen@ii   % due to long index text
+        % Try to split the text roughly evenly.  \dimen@ will be the length of
+        % the first line.
+        \dimen@ = 0.7\dimen@
+        \dimen@ii = \hsize
+        \ifnum\dimen@>\dimen@ii
+          % If the entry is too long (for example, if it needs more than
+          % two lines), use all the space in the first line.
+          \dimen@ = \dimen@ii
+        \fi
         \advance\leftskip by 0pt plus 1fill % ragged right
+        \advance \dimen@ by 1\rightskip
+        \parshape = 2 0pt \dimen@ 0em \dimen@ii
+        % Ideally we'd add a finite glue at the end of the first line only,
+        % instead of using \parshape with explicit line lengths, but TeX
+        % doesn't seem to provide a way to do such a thing.
         %
         % Indent all lines but the first one.
-        \advance\leftskip by \entrycontskip
-        \advance\parindent by -\entrycontskip
+        \advance\leftskip by 1em
+        \advance\parindent by -1em
       \fi\fi
       \indent % start paragraph
       \unhbox\boxA
@@ -5685,11 +5736,12 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 \newskip\thinshrinkable
 \skip\thinshrinkable=.15em minus .15em
 
-% Like plain.tex's \dotfill, except uses up at least 0.5 em.
+% Like plain.tex's \dotfill, except uses up at least 1 em.
 % The filll stretch here overpowers both the fil and fill stretch to push
 % the page number to the right.
 \def\indexdotfill{\cleaders
-  \hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt \mkern1.5mu.\mkern1.5mu$}\hskip 0.5em plus 1filll}
+  \hbox{$\mathsurround=0pt \mkern1.5mu.\mkern1.5mu$}\hskip 1em plus 1filll}
+
 
 \def\primary #1{\line{#1\hfil}}
 
@@ -5742,7 +5794,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   % below is chosen so that the gutter has the same value (well, +-<1pt)
   % as it did when we hard-coded it.
   %
-  % We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumnhsize, so we
+  % We put the result in a separate register, \doublecolumhsize, so we
   % can restore it in \pagesofar, after \hsize itself has (potentially)
   % been clobbered.
   %
@@ -5911,7 +5963,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 % Chapters, sections, etc.
 
 % Let's start with @part.
-\parseargdef\part{\partzzz{#1}}
+\outer\parseargdef\part{\partzzz{#1}}
 \def\partzzz#1{%
   \chapoddpage
   \null
@@ -6137,7 +6189,8 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 % normally unnmhead0 calls unnumberedzzz:
 \outer\parseargdef\unnumbered{\unnmhead0{#1}}
 \def\unnumberedzzz#1{%
-  \global\advance\unnumberedno by 1
+  \global\secno=0 \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0
+    \global\advance\unnumberedno by 1
   %
   % Since an unnumbered has no number, no prefix for figures.
   \global\let\chaplevelprefix = \empty
@@ -6193,8 +6246,8 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 % normally calls unnumberedseczzz:
 \outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsec{\unnmhead1{#1}}
 \def\unnumberedseczzz#1{%
-  \global\advance\unnumberedno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Ynothing}{\the\unnumberedno}%
+  \global\subsecno=0 \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\secno by 1
+  \sectionheading{#1}{sec}{Ynothing}{\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno}%
 }
 
 % Subsections.
@@ -6217,8 +6270,9 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 % normally calls unnumberedsubseczzz:
 \outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsubsec{\unnmhead2{#1}}
 \def\unnumberedsubseczzz#1{%
-  \global\advance\unnumberedno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Ynothing}{\the\unnumberedno}%
+  \global\subsubsecno=0  \global\advance\subsecno by 1
+  \sectionheading{#1}{subsec}{Ynothing}%
+                 {\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno}%
 }
 
 % Subsubsections.
@@ -6242,8 +6296,9 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 % normally unnumberedsubsubseczzz:
 \outer\parseargdef\unnumberedsubsubsec{\unnmhead3{#1}}
 \def\unnumberedsubsubseczzz#1{%
-  \global\advance\unnumberedno by 1
-  \sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Ynothing}{\the\unnumberedno}%
+  \global\advance\subsubsecno by 1
+  \sectionheading{#1}{subsubsec}{Ynothing}%
+                 {\the\unnumberedno.\the\secno.\the\subsecno.\the\subsubsecno}%
 }
 
 % These macros control what the section commands do, according
@@ -6306,7 +6361,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \fi
 }
 
-\parseargdef\setchapternewpage{\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname\HEADINGSon}
+\parseargdef\setchapternewpage{\csname CHAPPAG#1\endcsname}
 
 \def\CHAPPAGoff{%
 \global\let\contentsalignmacro = \chappager
@@ -6323,7 +6378,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 \global\let\pchapsepmacro=\chapoddpage
 \global\def\HEADINGSon{\HEADINGSdouble}}
 
-\setchapternewpage on
+\CHAPPAGon
 
 % \chapmacro - Chapter opening.
 %
@@ -6336,16 +6391,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 \def\Yappendixkeyword{Yappendix}
 \def\Yomitfromtockeyword{Yomitfromtoc}
 %
-%
-% Definitions for @thischapter. These can be overridden in translation
-% files.
-\def\thischapterAppendix{%
-  \putwordAppendix{} \thischapternum: \thischaptername}
-
-\def\thischapterChapter{%
-  \putwordChapter{} \thischapternum: \thischaptername}
-%
-%
 \def\chapmacro#1#2#3{%
   \expandafter\ifx\thisenv\titlepage\else
     \checkenv{}% chapters, etc., should not start inside an environment.
@@ -6368,14 +6413,22 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
     \xdef\currentchapterdefs{%
       \gdef\noexpand\thischaptername{\the\toks0}%
       \gdef\noexpand\thischapternum{\appendixletter}%
-      \let\noexpand\thischapter\noexpand\thischapterAppendix
+      % \noexpand\putwordAppendix avoids expanding indigestible
+      % commands in some of the translations.
+      \gdef\noexpand\thischapter{\noexpand\putwordAppendix{}
+                                 \noexpand\thischapternum:
+                                 \noexpand\thischaptername}%
     }%
   \else
     \toks0={#1}%
     \xdef\currentchapterdefs{%
       \gdef\noexpand\thischaptername{\the\toks0}%
       \gdef\noexpand\thischapternum{\the\chapno}%
-      \let\noexpand\thischapter\noexpand\thischapterChapter
+      % \noexpand\putwordChapter avoids expanding indigestible
+      % commands in some of the translations.
+      \gdef\noexpand\thischapter{\noexpand\putwordChapter{}
+                                 \noexpand\thischapternum:
+                                 \noexpand\thischaptername}%
     }%
   \fi\fi\fi
   %
@@ -6461,12 +6514,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 \def\subsubsecheadingskip{\subsecheadingskip}
 \def\subsubsecheadingbreak{\subsecheadingbreak}
 
-% Definition for @thissection. This can be overridden in translation
-% files.
-\def\thissectionDef{%
-  \putwordSection{} \thissectionnum: \thissectionname}
-%
-
 
 % Print any size, any type, section title.
 %
@@ -6508,7 +6555,11 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
         \xdef\currentsectiondefs{%
           \gdef\noexpand\thissectionname{\the\toks0}%
           \gdef\noexpand\thissectionnum{#4}%
-          \let\noexpand\thissection\noexpand\thissectionDef
+          % \noexpand\putwordSection avoids expanding indigestible
+          % commands in some of the translations.
+          \gdef\noexpand\thissection{\noexpand\putwordSection{}
+                                     \noexpand\thissectionnum:
+                                     \noexpand\thissectionname}%
         }%
       \fi
     \else
@@ -6517,7 +6568,11 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
         \xdef\currentsectiondefs{%
           \gdef\noexpand\thissectionname{\the\toks0}%
           \gdef\noexpand\thissectionnum{#4}%
-          \let\noexpand\thissection\noexpand\thissectionDef
+          % \noexpand\putwordSection avoids expanding indigestible
+          % commands in some of the translations.
+          \gdef\noexpand\thissection{\noexpand\putwordSection{}
+                                     \noexpand\thissectionnum:
+                                     \noexpand\thissectionname}%
         }%
       \fi
     \fi\fi\fi
@@ -6677,82 +6732,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \input \tocreadfilename
 }
 
-% process toc file to find the maximum width of the section numbers for
-% each chapter
-\def\findsecnowidths{%
-  \begingroup
-  \setupdatafile
-  \activecatcodes
-  \secentryfonts
-  % Redefinitions
-  \def\numchapentry##1##2##3##4{%
-    \def\curchapname{secnowidth-##2}%
-    \curchapmax=0pt
-  }%
-  \let\appentry\numchapentry
-  %
-  \def\numsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
-    \def\cursecname{secnowidth-##2}%
-    \cursecmax=0pt
-    %
-    \setbox0=\hbox{##2}%
-    \ifdim\wd0>\curchapmax
-      \curchapmax=\wd0
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\curchapname\endcsname{\the\wd0}%
-    \fi
-  }%
-  \let\appsecentry\numsecentry
-  %
-  \def\numsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
-    \def\curssecname{secnowidth-##2}%
-    \curssecmax=0pt
-    %
-    \setbox0=\hbox{##2}%
-    \ifdim\wd0>\cursecmax
-      \cursecmax=\wd0
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\cursecname\endcsname{\the\wd0}%
-    \fi
-  }%
-  \let\appsubsecentry\numsubsecentry
-  %
-  \def\numsubsubsecentry##1##2##3##4{%
-    \setbox0=\hbox{##2}%
-    \ifdim\wd0>\curssecmax
-      \curssecmax=\wd0
-      \expandafter\xdef\csname\curssecname\endcsname{\the\wd0}%
-    \fi
-  }%
-  \let\appsubsubsecentry\numsubsubsecentry
-  %
-  % Discard any output by outputting to dummy vbox, in case the toc file
-  % contains macros that we have not redefined above.
-  \setbox\dummybox\vbox\bgroup
-    \input \tocreadfilename\relax
-  \egroup
-  \endgroup
-}
-\newdimen\curchapmax
-\newdimen\cursecmax
-\newdimen\curssecmax
-
-
-% set #1 to the maximum section width for #2
-\def\retrievesecnowidth#1#2{%
-  \expandafter\let\expandafter\savedsecnowidth \csname secnowidth-#2\endcsname
-  \ifx\savedsecnowidth\relax
-    #1=0pt
-  \else
-    #1=\savedsecnowidth
-  \fi
-}
-\newdimen\secnowidthchap
-\secnowidthchap=0pt
-\newdimen\secnowidthsec
-\secnowidthsec=0pt
-\newdimen\secnowidthssec
-\secnowidthssec=0pt
-
-
 \newskip\contentsrightmargin \contentsrightmargin=1in
 \newcount\savepageno
 \newcount\lastnegativepageno \lastnegativepageno = -1
@@ -6779,14 +6758,8 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
     \def\thistitle{}% no title in double-sided headings
     % Record where the Roman numerals started.
     \ifnum\romancount=0 \global\romancount=\pagecount \fi
-    \linkentrytexttrue
 }
 
-% \raggedbottom in plain.tex hardcodes \topskip so override it
-\catcode`\@=11
-\def\raggedbottom{\advance\topskip by 0pt plus60pt \r@ggedbottomtrue}
-\catcode`\@=\other
-
 % redefined for the two-volume lispref.  We always output on
 % \jobname.toc even if this is redefined.
 %
@@ -6798,7 +6771,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \startcontents{\putwordTOC}%
     \openin 1 \tocreadfilename\space
     \ifeof 1 \else
-      \findsecnowidths
       \readtocfile
     \fi
     \vfill \eject
@@ -6826,7 +6798,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
     \rm
     \hyphenpenalty = 10000
     \advance\baselineskip by 1pt % Open it up a little.
-    \extrasecnoskip=0.4pt
     \def\numsecentry##1##2##3##4{}
     \let\appsecentry = \numsecentry
     \let\unnsecentry = \numsecentry
@@ -6851,8 +6822,12 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 % Get ready to use Arabic numerals again
 \def\contentsendroman{%
   \lastnegativepageno = \pageno
-  \global\pageno=1
-  \contentsendcount = \pagecount
+  \global\pageno = \savepageno
+  %
+  % If \romancount > \arabiccount, the contents are at the end of the
+  % document.  Otherwise, advance where the Arabic numerals start for
+  % the page numbers.
+  \ifnum\romancount>\arabiccount\else\global\arabiccount=\pagecount\fi
 }
 
 % Typeset the label for a chapter or appendix for the short contents.
@@ -6862,6 +6837,8 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   % This space should be enough, since a single number is .5em, and the
   % widest letter (M) is 1em, at least in the Computer Modern fonts.
   % But use \hss just in case.
+  % (This space doesn't include the extra space that gets added after
+  % the label; that gets put in by \shortchapentry above.)
   %
   % We'd like to right-justify chapter numbers, but that looks strange
   % with appendix letters.  And right-justifying numbers and
@@ -6871,15 +6848,10 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \hbox to 1em{#1\hss}%
 }
 
-% These macros generate individual entries in the table of contents,
-% and are read in from the *.toc file.
-%
-% The arguments are like:
-% \def\numchapentry#1#2#3#4
-%   #1 - the chapter or section name.
-%   #2 - section number
-%   #3 - level of section (e.g "chap", "sec")
-%   #4 - page number
+% These macros generate individual entries in the table of contents.
+% The first argument is the chapter or section name.
+% The last argument is the page number.
+% The arguments in between are the chapter number, section number, ...
 
 % Parts, in the main contents.  Replace the part number, which doesn't
 % exist, with an empty box.  Let's hope all the numbers have the same width.
@@ -6892,7 +6864,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \vskip 0pt plus 5\baselineskip
   \penalty-300
   \vskip 0pt plus -5\baselineskip
-  \dochapentry{#1}{\numeralbox}{}%
+  \dochapentry{\numeralbox\labelspace#1}{}%
 }
 %
 % Parts, in the short toc.
@@ -6903,14 +6875,12 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 }
 
 % Chapters, in the main contents.
-\def\numchapentry#1#2#3#4{%
-  \retrievesecnowidth\secnowidthchap{#2}%
-  \dochapentry{#1}{#2}{#4}%
-}
+\def\numchapentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
 
 % Chapters, in the short toc.
+% See comments in \dochapentry re vbox and related settings.
 \def\shortchapentry#1#2#3#4{%
-  \tocentry{#1}{\shortchaplabel{#2}}{#4}%
+  \tocentry{\shortchaplabel{#2}\labelspace #1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#4\egroup}%
 }
 
 % Appendices, in the main contents.
@@ -6921,111 +6891,70 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \setbox0 = \hbox{\putwordAppendix{} M}%
   \hbox to \wd0{\putwordAppendix{} #1\hss}}
 %
-\def\appentry#1#2#3#4{%
-  \retrievesecnowidth\secnowidthchap{#2}%
-  \dochapentry{\appendixbox{#2}\hskip.7em#1}{}{#4}%
-}
+\def\appentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{\appendixbox{#2}\hskip.7em#1}{#4}}
 
 % Unnumbered chapters.
-\def\unnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{#1}{}{#4}}
-\def\shortunnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\tocentry{#1}{}{#4}}
+\def\unnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\dochapentry{#1}{#4}}
+\def\shortunnchapentry#1#2#3#4{\tocentry{#1}{\doshortpageno\bgroup#4\egroup}}
 
 % Sections.
-\def\numsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#1}{#2}{#4}}
-
-\def\numsecentry#1#2#3#4{%
-  \retrievesecnowidth\secnowidthsec{#2}%
-  \dosecentry{#1}{#2}{#4}%
-}
+\def\numsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
 \let\appsecentry=\numsecentry
-\def\unnsecentry#1#2#3#4{%
-  \retrievesecnowidth\secnowidthsec{#2}%
-  \dosecentry{#1}{}{#4}%
-}
+\def\unnsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosecentry{#1}{#4}}
 
 % Subsections.
-\def\numsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{%
-  \retrievesecnowidth\secnowidthssec{#2}%
-  \dosubsecentry{#1}{#2}{#4}%
-}
+\def\numsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
 \let\appsubsecentry=\numsubsecentry
-\def\unnsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{%
-  \retrievesecnowidth\secnowidthssec{#2}%
-  \dosubsecentry{#1}{}{#4}%
-}
+\def\unnsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsecentry{#1}{#4}}
 
 % And subsubsections.
-\def\numsubsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsubsecentry{#1}{#2}{#4}}
+\def\numsubsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsubsecentry{#2\labelspace#1}{#4}}
 \let\appsubsubsecentry=\numsubsubsecentry
-\def\unnsubsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsubsecentry{#1}{}{#4}}
+\def\unnsubsubsecentry#1#2#3#4{\dosubsubsecentry{#1}{#4}}
 
 % This parameter controls the indentation of the various levels.
 % Same as \defaultparindent.
 \newdimen\tocindent \tocindent = 15pt
 
-% Now for the actual typesetting. In all these, #1 is the text, #2 is
-% a section number if present, and #3 is the page number.
+% Now for the actual typesetting. In all these, #1 is the text and #2 is the
+% page number.
 %
 % If the toc has to be broken over pages, we want it to be at chapters
 % if at all possible; hence the \penalty.
-\def\dochapentry#1#2#3{%
+\def\dochapentry#1#2{%
    \penalty-300 \vskip1\baselineskip plus.33\baselineskip minus.25\baselineskip
    \begingroup
      % Move the page numbers slightly to the right
      \advance\entryrightmargin by -0.05em
      \chapentryfonts
-     \extrasecnoskip=0.4em % separate chapter number more
-     \tocentry{#1}{#2}{#3}%
+     \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
    \endgroup
    \nobreak\vskip .25\baselineskip plus.1\baselineskip
 }
 
-\def\dosecentry#1#2#3{\begingroup
-  \secnowidth=\secnowidthchap
+\def\dosecentry#1#2{\begingroup
   \secentryfonts \leftskip=\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{#2}{#3}%
+  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
 \endgroup}
 
-\def\dosubsecentry#1#2#3{\begingroup
-  \secnowidth=\secnowidthsec
+\def\dosubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
   \subsecentryfonts \leftskip=2\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{#2}{#3}%
+  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
 \endgroup}
 
-\def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2#3{\begingroup
-  \secnowidth=\secnowidthssec
+\def\dosubsubsecentry#1#2{\begingroup
   \subsubsecentryfonts \leftskip=3\tocindent
-  \tocentry{#1}{#2}{#3}%
+  \tocentry{#1}{\dopageno\bgroup#2\egroup}%
 \endgroup}
 
-% Used for the maximum width of a section number so we can align
-% section titles.
-\newdimen\secnowidth
-\secnowidth=0pt
-\newdimen\extrasecnoskip
-\extrasecnoskip=0pt
-
-% \tocentry{TITLE}{SEC NO}{PAGE}
-%
-\def\tocentry#1#2#3{%
-  \def\secno{#2}%
-  \ifx\empty\secno
-    \entry{#1}{#3}%
-  \else
-    \ifdim 0pt=\secnowidth
-      \setbox0=\hbox{#2\hskip\labelspace\hskip\extrasecnoskip}%
-    \else
-      \advance\secnowidth by \labelspace
-      \advance\secnowidth by \extrasecnoskip
-      \setbox0=\hbox to \secnowidth{%
-        #2\hskip\labelspace\hskip\extrasecnoskip\hfill}%
-    \fi
-    \entrycontskip=\wd0
-    \entry{\box0 #1}{#3}%
-  \fi
-}
-\newdimen\labelspace
-\labelspace=0.6em
+% We use the same \entry macro as for the index entries.
+\let\tocentry = \entry
+
+% Space between chapter (or whatever) number and the title.
+\def\labelspace{\hskip1em \relax}
+
+\def\dopageno#1{{\rm #1}}
+\def\doshortpageno#1{{\rm #1}}
 
 \def\chapentryfonts{\secfonts \rm}
 \def\secentryfonts{\textfonts}
@@ -7171,25 +7100,19 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 \newdimen\cartouter\newdimen\cartinner
 \newskip\normbskip\newskip\normpskip\newskip\normlskip
 
-\envparseargdef\cartouche{%
+
+\envdef\cartouche{%
   \cartouchefontdefs
   \ifhmode\par\fi  % can't be in the midst of a paragraph.
   \startsavinginserts
   \lskip=\leftskip \rskip=\rightskip
   \leftskip=0pt\rightskip=0pt % we want these *outside*.
-  %
-  % Set paragraph width for text inside cartouche.  There are
-  % left and right margins of 3pt each plus two vrules 0.4pt each.
   \cartinner=\hsize \advance\cartinner by-\lskip
   \advance\cartinner by-\rskip
-  \advance\cartinner by -6.8pt
-  %
-  % For drawing top and bottom of cartouche.  Each corner char
-  % adds 6pt and we take off the width of a rule to line up with the
-  % right boundary perfectly.
   \cartouter=\hsize
-  \advance\cartouter by 11.6pt
-  %
+  \advance\cartouter by 18.4pt	% allow for 3pt kerns on either
+				% side, and for 6pt waste from
+				% each corner char, and rule thickness
   \normbskip=\baselineskip \normpskip=\parskip \normlskip=\lineskip
   %
   % If this cartouche directly follows a sectioning command, we need the
@@ -7197,23 +7120,20 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   % collide with the section heading.
   \ifnum\lastpenalty>10000 \vskip\parskip \penalty\lastpenalty \fi
   %
-  \setbox\groupbox=\vtop\bgroup
+  \setbox\groupbox=\vbox\bgroup
       \baselineskip=0pt\parskip=0pt\lineskip=0pt
       \carttop
       \hbox\bgroup
-          \hskip\lskip
-          \vrule\kern3pt
-          \vbox\bgroup
-              \hsize=\cartinner
-              \baselineskip=\normbskip
-              \lineskip=\normlskip
-              \parskip=\normpskip
-              \def\arg{#1}%
-              \ifx\arg\empty\else
-                \centerV{\hfil \bf #1 \hfil}%
-              \fi
-              \kern3pt
-              \vskip -\parskip
+	  \hskip\lskip
+	  \vrule\kern3pt
+	  \vbox\bgroup
+	      \kern3pt
+	      \hsize=\cartinner
+	      \baselineskip=\normbskip
+	      \lineskip=\normlskip
+	      \parskip=\normpskip
+	      \vskip -\parskip
+	      \comment % For explanation, see the end of def\group.
 }
 \def\Ecartouche{%
               \ifhmode\par\fi
@@ -7367,6 +7287,22 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 }
 \let\Eraggedright\par
 
+\envdef\raggedleft{%
+  \parindent=0pt \leftskip0pt plus2em
+  \spaceskip.3333em \xspaceskip.5em \parfillskip=0pt
+  \hbadness=10000 % Last line will usually be underfull, so turn off
+                  % badness reporting.
+}
+\let\Eraggedleft\par
+
+\envdef\raggedcenter{%
+  \parindent=0pt \rightskip0pt plus1em \leftskip0pt plus1em
+  \spaceskip.3333em \xspaceskip.5em \parfillskip=0pt
+  \hbadness=10000 % Last line will usually be underfull, so turn off
+                  % badness reporting.
+}
+\let\Eraggedcenter\par
+
 
 % @quotation does normal linebreaking (hence we can't use \nonfillstart)
 % and narrows the margins.  We keep \parskip nonzero in general, since
@@ -7464,9 +7400,8 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 \endgroup
 %
 \def\setupverb{%
-  \tt
+  \tt  % easiest (and conventionally used) font for verbatim
   \def\par{\leavevmode\endgraf}%
-  \parindent = 0pt
   \setcodequotes
   \tabeightspaces
   % Respect line breaks,
@@ -7590,11 +7525,9 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 % file; b) letting users define the frontmatter in as flexible order as
 % possible is desirable.
 %
-\def\copying{\checkenv{}\begingroup\macrobodyctxt\docopying}
-{\catcode`\ =\other
-\gdef\docopying#1@end copying{\endgroup\def\copyingtext{#1}}
-}
-
+\def\copying{\checkenv{}\begingroup\scanargctxt\docopying}
+\def\docopying#1@end copying{\endgroup\def\copyingtext{#1}}
+%
 \def\insertcopying{%
   \begingroup
     \parindent = 0pt  % paragraph indentation looks wrong on title page
@@ -7642,19 +7575,31 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
 }
 
-% Called as \printdefunline \deffooheader{text}
+\def\dodefunx#1{%
+  % First, check whether we are in the right environment:
+  \checkenv#1%
+  %
+  % As above, allow line break if we have multiple x headers in a row.
+  % It's not a great place, though.
+  \ifnum\lastpenalty=10002 \penalty3000 \else \defunpenalty=10002 \fi
+  %
+  % And now, it's time to reuse the body of the original defun:
+  \expandafter\gobbledefun#1%
+}
+\def\gobbledefun#1\startdefun{}
+
+% \printdefunline \deffnheader{text}
 %
 \def\printdefunline#1#2{%
   \begingroup
-    \plainfrenchspacing
-    % call \deffooheader:
+    % call \deffnheader:
     #1#2 \endheader
     % common ending:
     \interlinepenalty = 10000
     \advance\rightskip by 0pt plus 1fil\relax
     \endgraf
     \nobreak\vskip -\parskip
-    \penalty\defunpenalty  % signal to \startdefun and \deffoox
+    \penalty\defunpenalty  % signal to \startdefun and \dodefunx
     % Some of the @defun-type tags do not enable magic parentheses,
     % rendering the following check redundant.  But we don't optimize.
     \checkparencounts
@@ -7663,55 +7608,29 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 
 \def\Edefun{\endgraf\medbreak}
 
-% @defblock, @defline do not automatically create index entries
-\envdef\defblock{%
-  \startdefun
-}
-\let\Edefblock\Edefun
-
-\def\defline{%
-  \doingtypefnfalse
-  \parseargusing\activeparens{\printdefunline\deflineheader}%
-}
-\def\deflineheader#1 #2 #3\endheader{%
-  \printdefname{#1}{}{#2}\magicamp\defunargs{#3\unskip}%
-}
-
-\def\deftypeline{%
-  \doingtypefntrue
-  \parseargusing\activeparens{\printdefunline\deftypelineheader}%
-}
-\def\deftypelineheader#1 #2 #3 #4\endheader{%
-  \printdefname{#1}{#2}{#3}\magicamp\defunargs{#4\unskip}%
-}
-
-% \makedefun{deffoo} (\deffooheader parameters) { (\deffooheader expansion) }
+% \makedefun{deffn} creates \deffn, \deffnx and \Edeffn;
+% the only thing remaining is to define \deffnheader.
 %
-% Define \deffoo, \deffoox  \Edeffoo and \deffooheader.
 \def\makedefun#1{%
   \expandafter\let\csname E#1\endcsname = \Edefun
   \edef\temp{\noexpand\domakedefun
     \makecsname{#1}\makecsname{#1x}\makecsname{#1header}}%
   \temp
 }
+
+% \domakedefun \deffn \deffnx \deffnheader { (defn. of \deffnheader) }
+%
+% Define \deffn and \deffnx, without parameters.
+% \deffnheader has to be defined explicitly.
+%
 \def\domakedefun#1#2#3{%
   \envdef#1{%
     \startdefun
     \doingtypefnfalse    % distinguish typed functions from all else
     \parseargusing\activeparens{\printdefunline#3}%
   }%
-  \def#2{%
-    % First, check whether we are in the right environment:
-    \checkenv#1%
-    %
-    % As in \startdefun, allow line break if we have multiple x headers
-    % in a row.  It's not a great place, though.
-    \ifnum\lastpenalty=10002 \penalty3000 \else \defunpenalty=10002 \fi
-    %
-    \doingtypefnfalse    % distinguish typed functions from all else
-    \parseargusing\activeparens{\printdefunline#3}%
-  }%
-  \def#3% definition of \deffooheader follows
+  \def#2{\dodefunx#1}%
+  \def#3%
 }
 
 \newif\ifdoingtypefn       % doing typed function?
@@ -7736,51 +7655,74 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \fi\fi
 }
 
+% \dosubind {index}{topic}{subtopic}
+%
+% If SUBTOPIC is present, precede it with a space, and call \doind.
+% (At some time during the 20th century, this made a two-level entry in an
+% index such as the operation index.  Nobody seemed to notice the change in
+% behaviour though.)
+\def\dosubind#1#2#3{%
+  \def\thirdarg{#3}%
+  \ifx\thirdarg\empty
+    \doind{#1}{#2}%
+  \else
+    \doind{#1}{#2\space#3}%
+  \fi
+}
+
 % Untyped functions:
 
 % @deffn category name args
-\makedefun{deffn}#1 #2 #3\endheader{%
-  \doind{fn}{\code{#2}}%
-  \printdefname{#1}{}{#2}\magicamp\defunargs{#3\unskip}%
-}
+\makedefun{deffn}{\deffngeneral{}}
 
-% @defop category class name args
-\makedefun{defop}#1 {\defopheaderx{#1\ \putwordon}}
-\def\defopheaderx#1#2 #3 #4\endheader{%
-  \doind{fn}{\code{#3}\space\putwordon\ \code{#2}}%
-  \printdefname{#1\ \code{#2}}{}{#3}\magicamp\defunargs{#4\unskip}%
+% @deffn category class name args
+\makedefun{defop}#1 {\defopon{#1\ \putwordon}}
+
+% \defopon {category on}class name args
+\def\defopon#1#2 {\deffngeneral{\putwordon\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
+
+% \deffngeneral {subind}category name args
+%
+\def\deffngeneral#1#2 #3 #4\endheader{%
+  \dosubind{fn}{\code{#3}}{#1}%
+  \defname{#2}{}{#3}\magicamp\defunargs{#4\unskip}%
 }
 
 % Typed functions:
 
 % @deftypefn category type name args
-\makedefun{deftypefn}#1 #2 #3 #4\endheader{%
-  \doind{fn}{\code{#3}}%
-  \doingtypefntrue
-  \printdefname{#1}{#2}{#3}\defunargs{#4\unskip}%
-}
+\makedefun{deftypefn}{\deftypefngeneral{}}
 
 % @deftypeop category class type name args
-\makedefun{deftypeop}#1 {\deftypeopheaderx{#1\ \putwordon}}
-\def\deftypeopheaderx#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
-  \doind{fn}{\code{#4}\space\putwordon\ \code{#1\ \code{#2}}}%
+\makedefun{deftypeop}#1 {\deftypeopon{#1\ \putwordon}}
+
+% \deftypeopon {category on}class type name args
+\def\deftypeopon#1#2 {\deftypefngeneral{\putwordon\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
+
+% \deftypefngeneral {subind}category type name args
+%
+\def\deftypefngeneral#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
+  \dosubind{fn}{\code{#4}}{#1}%
   \doingtypefntrue
-  \printdefname{#1\ \code{#2}}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
+  \defname{#2}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
 }
 
 % Typed variables:
 
 % @deftypevr category type var args
-\makedefun{deftypevr}#1 #2 #3 #4\endheader{%
-  \doind{vr}{\code{#3}}%
-  \printdefname{#1}{#2}{#3}\defunargs{#4\unskip}%
-}
+\makedefun{deftypevr}{\deftypecvgeneral{}}
 
 % @deftypecv category class type var args
-\makedefun{deftypecv}#1 {\deftypecvheaderx{#1\ \putwordof}}
-\def\deftypecvheaderx#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
-  \doind{vr}{\code{#4}\space\putwordof\ \code{#2}}%
-  \printdefname{#1\ \code{#2}}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
+\makedefun{deftypecv}#1 {\deftypecvof{#1\ \putwordof}}
+
+% \deftypecvof {category of}class type var args
+\def\deftypecvof#1#2 {\deftypecvgeneral{\putwordof\ \code{#2}}{#1\ \code{#2}} }
+
+% \deftypecvgeneral {subind}category type var args
+%
+\def\deftypecvgeneral#1#2 #3 #4 #5\endheader{%
+  \dosubind{vr}{\code{#4}}{#1}%
+  \defname{#2}{#3}{#4}\defunargs{#5\unskip}%
 }
 
 % Untyped variables:
@@ -7789,15 +7731,17 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 \makedefun{defvr}#1 {\deftypevrheader{#1} {} }
 
 % @defcv category class var args
-\makedefun{defcv}#1 {\defcvheaderx{#1\ \putwordof}}
-\def\defcvheaderx#1#2 {\deftypecvheaderx{#1}#2 {} }
+\makedefun{defcv}#1 {\defcvof{#1\ \putwordof}}
+
+% \defcvof {category of}class var args
+\def\defcvof#1#2 {\deftypecvof{#1}#2 {} }
 
 % Types:
 
 % @deftp category name args
 \makedefun{deftp}#1 #2 #3\endheader{%
   \doind{tp}{\code{#2}}%
-  \printdefname{#1}{}{#2}\defunargs{#3\unskip}%
+  \defname{#1}{}{#2}\defunargs{#3\unskip}%
 }
 
 % Remaining @defun-like shortcuts:
@@ -7808,19 +7752,19 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 \makedefun{defvar}{\defvrheader{\putwordDefvar} }
 \makedefun{defopt}{\defvrheader{\putwordDefopt} }
 \makedefun{deftypevar}{\deftypevrheader{\putwordDefvar} }
-\makedefun{defmethod}{\defopheaderx\putwordMethodon}
-\makedefun{deftypemethod}{\deftypeopheaderx\putwordMethodon}
-\makedefun{defivar}{\defcvheaderx\putwordInstanceVariableof}
-\makedefun{deftypeivar}{\deftypecvheaderx\putwordInstanceVariableof}
+\makedefun{defmethod}{\defopon\putwordMethodon}
+\makedefun{deftypemethod}{\deftypeopon\putwordMethodon}
+\makedefun{defivar}{\defcvof\putwordInstanceVariableof}
+\makedefun{deftypeivar}{\deftypecvof\putwordInstanceVariableof}
 
-% \printdefname, which formats the name of the @def (not the args).
+% \defname, which formats the name of the @def (not the args).
 % #1 is the category, such as "Function".
 % #2 is the return type, if any.
 % #3 is the function name.
 %
 % We are followed by (but not passed) the arguments, if any.
 %
-\def\printdefname#1#2#3{%
+\def\defname#1#2#3{%
   \par
   % Get the values of \leftskip and \rightskip as they were outside the @def...
   \advance\leftskip by -\defbodyindent
@@ -7830,7 +7774,9 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \rettypeownlinefalse
   \ifdoingtypefn  % doing a typed function specifically?
     % then check user option for putting return type on its own line:
-    \ifflagclear{txideftypefnnl}{}{\rettypeownlinetrue}%
+    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxideftypefnnl\endcsname\relax \else
+      \rettypeownlinetrue
+    \fi
   \fi
   %
   % How we'll format the category name.  Putting it in brackets helps
@@ -7874,8 +7820,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \tolerance=10000 \hbadness=10000
   \exdentamount=\defbodyindent
   {%
-    \def\^^M{}% for line continuation
-    %
     % defun fonts. We use typewriter by default (used to be bold) because:
     % . we're printing identifiers, they should be in tt in principle.
     % . in languages with many accents, such as Czech or French, it's
@@ -7897,23 +7841,30 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
     \fi           % no return type
     #3% output function name
   }%
-  \ifflagclear{txidefnamenospace}{%
-    {\rm\enskip}% hskip 0.5 em of \rmfont
-  }{}%
+  {\rm\enskip}% hskip 0.5 em of \rmfont
   %
   \boldbrax
   % arguments will be output next, if any.
 }
 
-% Print arguments.  Use slanted for @def*, typewriter for @deftype*.
+% Print arguments in slanted roman (not ttsl), inconsistently with using
+% tt for the name.  This is because literal text is sometimes needed in
+% the argument list (groff manual), and ttsl and tt are not very
+% distinguishable.  Prevent hyphenation at `-' chars.
+%
 \def\defunargs#1{%
-  \bgroup
-    \def\^^M{}% for line continuation
-    \df \ifdoingtypefn \tt \else \sl \fi
-    \ifflagclear{txicodevaristt}{}%
-       {\def\var##1{{\setregularquotes \ttsl ##1}}}%
-    #1%
-  \egroup
+  % use sl by default (not ttsl),
+  % tt for the names.
+  \df \sl \hyphenchar\font=0
+  %
+  % On the other hand, if an argument has two dashes (for instance), we
+  % want a way to get ttsl.  We used to recommend @var for that, so
+  % leave the code in, but it's strange for @var to lead to typewriter.
+  % Nowadays we recommend @code, since the difference between a ttsl hyphen
+  % and a tt hyphen is pretty tiny.  @code also disables ?` !`.
+  \def\var##1{{\setregularquotes\ttslanted{##1}}}%
+  #1%
+  \sl\hyphenchar\font=45
 }
 
 % We want ()&[] to print specially on the defun line.
@@ -7932,12 +7883,9 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 % so TeX would otherwise complain about undefined control sequence.
 {
   \activeparens
-  \gdef\defcharsdefault{%
-    \let(=\lparen \let)=\rparen
-    \let[=\lbrack \let]=\rbrack
-    \let& = \&%
-  }
-  \globaldefs=1 \defcharsdefault
+  \global\let(=\lparen \global\let)=\rparen
+  \global\let[=\lbrack \global\let]=\rbrack
+  \global\let& = \&
 
   \gdef\boldbrax{\let(=\opnr\let)=\clnr\let[=\lbrb\let]=\rbrb}
   \gdef\magicamp{\let&=\amprm}
@@ -7948,7 +7896,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 
 % If we encounter &foo, then turn on ()-hacking afterwards
 \newif\ifampseen
-\def\amprm#1 {\ampseentrue{\rm\&#1 }}
+\def\amprm#1 {\ampseentrue{\bf\&#1 }}
 
 \def\parenfont{%
   \ifampseen
@@ -8121,17 +8069,24 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \catcode`\_=\other
   \catcode`\|=\other
   \catcode`\~=\other
+  \passthroughcharstrue
+}
+
+\def\scanargctxt{% used for copying and captions, not macros.
+  \scanctxt
   \catcode`\@=\other
+  \catcode`\\=\other
   \catcode`\^^M=\other
-  \catcode`\\=\active
-  \passthroughcharstrue
 }
 
-\def\macrobodyctxt{% used for @macro definitions and @copying
+\def\macrobodyctxt{% used for @macro definitions
   \scanctxt
   \catcode`\ =\other
+  \catcode`\@=\other
   \catcode`\{=\other
   \catcode`\}=\other
+  \catcode`\^^M=\other
+  \usembodybackslash
 }
 
 % Used when scanning braced macro arguments.  Note, however, that catcode
@@ -8140,10 +8095,14 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 \def\macroargctxt{%
   \scanctxt
   \catcode`\ =\active
+  \catcode`\@=\other
+  \catcode`\^^M=\other
+  \catcode`\\=\active
 }
 
 \def\macrolineargctxt{% used for whole-line arguments without braces
   \scanctxt
+  \catcode`\@=\other
   \catcode`\{=\other
   \catcode`\}=\other
 }
@@ -8187,7 +8146,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
      \global\expandafter\let\csname ismacro.\the\macname\endcsname=1%
      \addtomacrolist{\the\macname}%
   \fi
-  \begingroup \macrobodyctxt \usembodybackslash
+  \begingroup \macrobodyctxt
   \ifrecursive \expandafter\parsermacbody
   \else \expandafter\parsemacbody
   \fi}
@@ -8202,6 +8161,8 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
       \let\commondummyword\unmacrodo
       \xdef\macrolist{\macrolist}%
     \endgroup
+  \else
+    \errmessage{Macro #1 not defined}%
   \fi
 }
 
@@ -8268,14 +8229,14 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 % Read recursive and nonrecursive macro bodies. (They're different since
 % rec and nonrec macros end differently.)
 %
-% We are in \macrobodyctxt, and the \xdef causes backslashes in the macro
+% We are in \macrobodyctxt, and the \xdef causes backslashshes in the macro
 % body to be transformed.
-% Set \macrobody to the body of the macro, and call \macrodef.
+% Set \macrobody to the body of the macro, and call \defmacro.
 %
 {\catcode`\ =\other\long\gdef\parsemacbody#1@end macro{%
-\xdef\macrobody{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\macrodef}}%
+\xdef\macrobody{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}}%
 {\catcode`\ =\other\long\gdef\parsermacbody#1@end rmacro{%
-\xdef\macrobody{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\macrodef}}%
+\xdef\macrobody{\eatcr{#1}}\endgroup\defmacro}}%
 
 % Make @ a letter, so that we can make private-to-Texinfo macro names.
 \edef\texiatcatcode{\the\catcode`\@}
@@ -8494,36 +8455,35 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 % \xdef is used so that macro definitions will survive the file
 % they're defined in: @include reads the file inside a group.
 %
-\def\macrodef{%
+\def\defmacro{%
   \let\hash=##% convert placeholders to macro parameter chars
   \ifnum\paramno=1
-    \long\def\xeatspaces##1{##1}%
-    % We don't use \xeatspaces for single-argument macros, because we
-    % want to keep ends of lines.  This definition removes \xeatspaces
-    % when \macrobody is expanded below.
-  \else
-    \def\xeatspaces{\string\xeatspaces}%
-    % This expands \xeatspaces as a sequence of character tokens, which
-    % stops \scantokens inserting an extra space after the control sequence.
+    \def\xeatspaces##1{##1}%
+    % This removes the pair of braces around the argument.  We don't
+    % use \eatspaces, because this can cause ends of lines to be lost
+    % when the argument to \eatspaces is read, leading to line-based
+    % commands like "@itemize" not being read correctly.
+  \else
+    \let\xeatspaces\relax % suppress expansion
   \fi
   \ifcase\paramno
   % 0
     \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-      \begingroup
+      \bgroup
         \noexpand\spaceisspace
         \noexpand\endlineisspace
         \noexpand\expandafter % skip any whitespace after the macro name.
         \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname @@@\endcsname}%
     \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname @@@\endcsname{%
-      \endgroup
+      \egroup
       \noexpand\scanmacro{\macrobody}}%
   \or % 1
     \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-       \begingroup
+       \bgroup
        \noexpand\braceorline
        \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname @@@\endcsname}%
     \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname @@@\endcsname##1{%
-      \endgroup
+      \egroup
       \noexpand\scanmacro{\macrobody}%
       }%
   \else % at most 9
@@ -8534,7 +8494,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
       % @MACNAME@@@ removes braces surrounding the argument list.
       % @MACNAME@@@@ scans the macro body with arguments substituted.
       \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-        \begingroup
+        \bgroup
         \noexpand\expandafter  % This \expandafter skip any spaces after the
         \noexpand\macroargctxt % macro before we change the catcode of space.
         \noexpand\expandafter
@@ -8548,7 +8508,7 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
       \expandafter\xdef
       \expandafter\expandafter
         \csname\the\macname @@@@\endcsname\paramlist{%
-          \endgroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\macrobody}}%
+          \egroup\noexpand\scanmacro{\macrobody}}%
     \else % 10 or more:
       \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
         \noexpand\getargvals@{\the\macname}{\argl}%
@@ -8670,75 +8630,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \fi \macnamexxx}
 
 
-% @linemacro
-
-\parseargdef\linemacro{%
-  \getargs{#1}% now \macname is the macname and \argl the arglist
-  \ifx\argl\empty
-    \paramno=0
-    \let\hash\relax
-    \def\paramlist{\hash 1\endlinemacro}%
-  \else
-    \expandafter\linegetparamlist\argl;%
-  \fi
-  \begingroup \macrobodyctxt \usembodybackslash
-  \parselinemacrobody
-}
-
-% Build up \paramlist which will be used as the parameter text for the macro.
-% At the end it will be like "#1 #2 #3\endlinemacro".
-\def\linegetparamlist#1;{%
-  \paramno=0\def\paramlist{}%
-  \let\hash\relax
-  \linegetparamlistxxx#1,;,%
-}
-\def\linegetparamlistxxx#1,{%
-  \if#1;\let\next=\linegetparamlistxxxx
-  \else \let\next=\linegetparamlistxxx
-    \advance\paramno by 1
-    \expandafter\edef\csname macarg.\eatspaces{#1}\endcsname
-        {\hash\the\paramno}%
-    \edef\paramlist{\paramlist\hash\the\paramno\space}%
-  \fi\next}
-\def\linegetparamlistxxxx{%
-  \expandafter\fixparamlist\paramlist\fixparamlist
-}
-% Replace final space token
-\def\fixparamlist#1 \fixparamlist{%
-  \def\paramlist{#1\endlinemacro}%
-}
-
-% Read the body of the macro, replacing backslash-surrounded variables
-%
-{\catcode`\ =\other\long\gdef\parselinemacrobody#1@end linemacro{%
-\xdef\macrobody{#1}%
-\endgroup
-\linemacrodef
-}}
-
-% Make the definition
-\def\linemacrodef{%
-  \let\hash=##%
-  \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname\endcsname{%
-    \bgroup
-    \noexpand\parsearg
-    \expandafter\noexpand\csname\the\macname @@\endcsname
-  }
-  \expandafter\xdef\csname\the\macname @@\endcsname##1{%
-    \egroup
-    \expandafter\noexpand
-    \csname\the\macname @@@\endcsname##1\noexpand\endlinemacro
-  }
-  \expandafter\expandafter
-  \expandafter\xdef
-  \expandafter\expandafter\csname\the\macname @@@\endcsname\paramlist{%
-    \newlinechar=13 % split \macrobody into lines
-    \noexpand\scantokens{\macrobody}%
-  }
-}
-
-
-
 % @alias.
 % We need some trickery to remove the optional spaces around the equal
 % sign.  Make them active and then expand them all to nothing.
@@ -8790,11 +8681,9 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 }
 \def\wordTop{Top}
 
-% Until the next @node, @part or @bye command, divert output to a box that
-% is not output.
-\def\ignorenode{\setbox\dummybox\vbox\bgroup
-\def\part{\egroup\part}%
-\def\node{\egroup\node}%
+% Until the next @node or @bye command, divert output to a box that is not
+% output.
+\def\ignorenode{\setbox\dummybox\vbox\bgroup\def\node{\egroup\node}%
 \ignorenodebye
 }
 
@@ -8815,11 +8704,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \fi
 }
 
-% @nodedescription, @nodedescriptionblock - do nothing for TeX
-\parseargdef\nodedescription{}
-\def\nodedescriptionblock{\doignore{nodedescriptionblock}}
-
-
 % @anchor{NAME} -- define xref target at arbitrary point.
 %
 \newcount\savesfregister
@@ -8901,11 +8785,109 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 \def\xrefX[#1,#2,#3,#4,#5,#6]{\begingroup
   \unsepspaces
   %
-  \getprintedrefname{#1}{#3}{#5}%
+  % Get args without leading/trailing spaces.
+  \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #3}%
+  \setbox\printedrefnamebox = \hbox{\printedrefname\unskip}%
+  %
   \def\infofilename{\ignorespaces #4}%
   \setbox\infofilenamebox = \hbox{\infofilename\unskip}%
   %
-  \startxreflink{#1}{#4}%
+  \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #5}%
+  \setbox\printedmanualbox  = \hbox{\printedmanual\unskip}%
+  %
+  % If the printed reference name (arg #3) was not explicitly given in
+  % the @xref, figure out what we want to use.
+  \ifdim \wd\printedrefnamebox = 0pt
+    % No printed node name was explicitly given.
+    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETxref-automatic-section-title\endcsname \relax
+      % Not auto section-title: use node name inside the square brackets.
+      \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
+    \else
+      % Auto section-title: use chapter/section title inside
+      % the square brackets if we have it.
+      \ifdim \wd\printedmanualbox > 0pt
+        % It is in another manual, so we don't have it; use node name.
+        \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
+      \else
+        \ifhavexrefs
+          % We (should) know the real title if we have the xref values.
+          \def\printedrefname{\refx{#1-title}}%
+        \else
+          % Otherwise just copy the Info node name.
+          \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
+        \fi%
+      \fi
+    \fi
+  \fi
+  %
+  % Make link in pdf output.
+  \ifpdf
+    % For pdfTeX and LuaTeX
+    {\indexnofonts
+     \makevalueexpandable
+     \turnoffactive
+     % This expands tokens, so do it after making catcode changes, so _
+     % etc. don't get their TeX definitions.  This ignores all spaces in
+     % #4, including (wrongly) those in the middle of the filename.
+     \getfilename{#4}%
+     %
+     % This (wrongly) does not take account of leading or trailing
+     % spaces in #1, which should be ignored.
+     \setpdfdestname{#1}%
+     %
+     \ifx\pdfdestname\empty
+       \def\pdfdestname{Top}% no empty targets
+     \fi
+     %
+     \leavevmode
+     \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
+     \ifnum\filenamelength>0
+       goto file{\the\filename.pdf} name{\pdfdestname}%
+     \else
+       goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\pdfdestname}}%
+     \fi
+    }%
+    \setcolor{\linkcolor}%
+  \else
+    \ifx\XeTeXrevision\thisisundefined
+    \else
+      % For XeTeX
+      {\indexnofonts
+       \makevalueexpandable
+       \turnoffactive
+       % This expands tokens, so do it after making catcode changes, so _
+       % etc. don't get their TeX definitions.  This ignores all spaces in
+       % #4, including (wrongly) those in the middle of the filename.
+       \getfilename{#4}%
+       %
+       % This (wrongly) does not take account of leading or trailing
+       % spaces in #1, which should be ignored.
+       \setpdfdestname{#1}%
+       %
+       \ifx\pdfdestname\empty
+         \def\pdfdestname{Top}% no empty targets
+       \fi
+       %
+       \leavevmode
+       \ifnum\filenamelength>0
+         % With default settings,
+         % XeTeX (xdvipdfmx) replaces link destination names with integers.
+         % In this case, the replaced destination names of
+         % remote PDFs are no longer known.  In order to avoid a replacement,
+         % you can use xdvipdfmx's command line option `-C 0x0010'.
+         % If you use XeTeX 0.99996+ (TeX Live 2016+),
+         % this command line option is no longer necessary
+         % because we can use the `dvipdfmx:config' special.
+         \special{pdf:bann << /Border [0 0 0] /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A
+           << /S /GoToR /F (\the\filename.pdf) /D (\pdfdestname) >> >>}%
+       \else
+         \special{pdf:bann << /Border [0 0 0] /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A
+           << /S /GoTo /D (\pdfdestname) >> >>}%
+       \fi
+      }%
+      \setcolor{\linkcolor}%
+    \fi
+  \fi
   {%
     % Have to otherify everything special to allow the \csname to
     % include an _ in the xref name, etc.
@@ -8966,11 +8948,12 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
       % output the `[mynode]' via the macro below so it can be overridden.
       \xrefprintnodename\printedrefname
       %
-      \ifflagclear{txiomitxrefpg}{%
-        % We always want a comma
-        ,%
+      \expandafter\ifx\csname SETtxiomitxrefpg\endcsname\relax
+        % But we always want a comma and a space:
+        ,\space
+        %
         % output the `page 3'.
-        \turnoffactive \putpageref{#1}%
+        \turnoffactive \putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}%
         % Add a , if xref followed by a space
         \if\space\noexpand\tokenafterxref ,%
         \else\ifx\	\tokenafterxref ,% @TAB
@@ -8980,103 +8963,12 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
                   \tokenafterxref ,%    @NL
         \else\ifx\tie\tokenafterxref ,% @tie
         \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
-      }{}%
+      \fi
     \fi\fi
   \fi
   \endlink
 \endgroup}
 
-% \getprintedrefname{NODE}{LABEL}{MANUAL}
-% - set \printedrefname and \printedmanual
-%
-\def\getprintedrefname#1#2#3{%
-  % Get args without leading/trailing spaces.
-  \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #2}%
-  \setbox\printedrefnamebox = \hbox{\printedrefname\unskip}%
-  %
-  \def\printedmanual{\ignorespaces #3}%
-  \setbox\printedmanualbox  = \hbox{\printedmanual\unskip}%
-  %
-  % If the printed reference name (arg #2) was not explicitly given in
-  % the @xref, figure out what we want to use.
-  \ifdim \wd\printedrefnamebox = 0pt
-    % No printed node name was explicitly given.
-    \expandafter\ifx\csname SETxref-automatic-section-title\endcsname \relax
-      % Not auto section-title: use node name inside the square brackets.
-      \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
-    \else
-      % Auto section-title: use chapter/section title inside
-      % the square brackets if we have it.
-      \ifdim \wd\printedmanualbox > 0pt
-        % It is in another manual, so we don't have it; use node name.
-        \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
-      \else
-        \ifhavexrefs
-          % We (should) know the real title if we have the xref values.
-          \def\printedrefname{\refx{#1-title}}%
-        \else
-          % Otherwise just copy the Info node name.
-          \def\printedrefname{\ignorespaces #1}%
-        \fi%
-      \fi
-    \fi
-  \fi
-}
-
-% \startxreflink{NODE}{FILE} - start link in pdf output.
-\def\startxreflink#1#2{%
-  \ifpdforxetex
-    % For pdfTeX and LuaTeX
-    {\indexnofonts
-     \makevalueexpandable
-     \turnoffactive
-     % This expands tokens, so do it after making catcode changes, so _
-     % etc. don't get their TeX definitions.  This ignores all spaces in
-     % #2, including (wrongly) those in the middle of the filename.
-     \getfilename{#2}%
-     %
-     % This (wrongly) does not take account of leading or trailing
-     % spaces in #1, which should be ignored.
-     \setpdfdestname{#1}%
-     %
-     \ifx\pdfdestname\empty
-       \def\pdfdestname{Top}% no empty targets
-     \fi
-     %
-     \leavevmode
-     \ifpdf
-       \startlink attr{/Border [0 0 0]}%
-       \ifnum\filenamelength>0
-         goto file{\the\filename.pdf} name{\pdfdestname}%
-       \else
-         goto name{\pdfmkpgn{\pdfdestname}}%
-       \fi
-     \else % XeTeX
-       \ifnum\filenamelength>0
-         % With default settings,
-         % XeTeX (xdvipdfmx) replaces link destination names with integers.
-         % In this case, the replaced destination names of
-         % remote PDFs are no longer known.  In order to avoid a replacement,
-         % you can use xdvipdfmx's command line option `-C 0x0010'.
-         % If you use XeTeX 0.99996+ (TeX Live 2016+),
-         % this command line option is no longer necessary
-         % because we can use the `dvipdfmx:config' special.
-         \special{pdf:bann << /Border [0 0 0] /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A
-           << /S /GoToR /F (\the\filename.pdf) /D (\pdfdestname) >> >>}%
-       \else
-         \special{pdf:bann << /Border [0 0 0] /Type /Annot /Subtype /Link /A
-           << /S /GoTo /D (\pdfdestname) >> >>}%
-       \fi
-     \fi
-    }%
-    \setcolor{\linkcolor}%
-  \fi
-}
-
-% can be overridden in translation files
-\def\putpageref#1{%
-  \space\putwordpage\tie\refx{#1-pg}}
-
 % Output a cross-manual xref to #1.  Used just above (twice).
 %
 % Only include the text "Section ``foo'' in" if the foo is neither
@@ -9110,21 +9002,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 %
 \def\xrefprintnodename#1{[#1]}
 
-% @link{NODENAME, LABEL, MANUAL} - create a "plain" link, with no
-% page number.  Not useful if printed on paper.
-%
-\def\link#1{\linkX[#1,,,]}
-\def\linkX[#1,#2,#3,#4]{%
-  \begingroup
-  \unsepspaces
-  \getprintedrefname{#1}{#2}{#3}%
-  \startxreflink{#1}{#3}%
-  \printedrefname
-  \endlink
-  \endgroup
-}
-
-
 % Things referred to by \setref.
 %
 \def\Ynothing{}
@@ -9503,12 +9380,6 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
     \imagexxx #1,,,,,\finish
   \fi
 }
-
-% Approximate height of a line in the standard text font.
-\newdimen\capheight
-\setbox0=\vbox{\tenrm H}
-\capheight=\ht0
-
 %
 % Arguments to @image:
 % #1 is (mandatory) image filename; we tack on .eps extension.
@@ -9521,30 +9392,32 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \catcode`\^^M = 5     % in case we're inside an example
   \normalturnoffactive  % allow _ et al. in names
   \makevalueexpandable
+  % If the image is by itself, center it.
   \ifvmode
     \imagevmodetrue
-    \medskip
+  \else \ifx\centersub\centerV
+    % for @center @image, we need a vbox so we can have our vertical space
+    \imagevmodetrue
+    \vbox\bgroup % vbox has better behavior than vtop herev
+  \fi\fi
+  %
+  \ifimagevmode
+    \nobreak\medskip
     % Usually we'll have text after the image which will insert
     % \parskip glue, so insert it here too to equalize the space
     % above and below.
-    \vskip\parskip
-    %
-    % Place image in a \vtop for a top page margin that is (close to) correct,
-    % as \topskip glue is relative to the first baseline.
-    \vtop\bgroup \kern -\capheight \vskip-\parskip
+    \nobreak\vskip\parskip
+    \nobreak
   \fi
   %
-  \ifx\centersub\centerV
-    % For @center @image, enter vertical mode and add vertical space
-    % Enter an extra \parskip because @center doesn't add space itself.
-    \vbox\bgroup\vskip\parskip\medskip\vskip\parskip
-  \else
-    % Enter horizontal mode so that indentation from an enclosing
-    %  environment such as @quotation is respected.
-    % However, if we're at the top level, we don't want the
-    %  normal paragraph indentation.
-    \imageindent
-  \fi
+  % Leave vertical mode so that indentation from an enclosing
+  %  environment such as @quotation is respected.
+  % However, if we're at the top level, we don't want the
+  %  normal paragraph indentation.
+  % On the other hand, if we are in the case of @center @image, we don't
+  %  want to start a paragraph, which will create a hsize-width box and
+  %  eradicate the centering.
+  \ifx\centersub\centerV \else \imageindent \fi
   %
   % Output the image.
   \ifpdf
@@ -9566,13 +9439,9 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
   \fi
   %
   \ifimagevmode
-    \egroup
     \medskip  % space after a standalone image
   \fi
-  \ifx\centersub\centerV % @center @image
-    \medskip
-    \egroup % close \vbox
-  \fi
+  \ifx\centersub\centerV \egroup \fi
 \endgroup}
 
 
@@ -9739,8 +9608,8 @@ might help (with 'rm \jobname.?? \jobnam
 %
 \def\caption{\docaption\thiscaption}
 \def\shortcaption{\docaption\thisshortcaption}
-\def\docaption{\checkenv\float \bgroup\scanctxt\docaptionz}
-\def\docaptionz#1#2{\egroup \def#1{#2}}
+\def\docaption{\checkenv\float \bgroup\scanargctxt\defcaption}
+\def\defcaption#1#2{\egroup \def#1{#2}}
 
 % The parameter is the control sequence identifying the counter we are
 % going to use.  Create it if it doesn't exist and assign it to \floatno.
@@ -10029,10 +9898,12 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
        % For native Unicode handling (XeTeX and LuaTeX)
        \nativeunicodechardefs
      \else
-       % For treating UTF-8 as byte sequences (TeX, eTeX and pdfTeX).
-       % Since we already invoke \utfeightchardefs at the top level,
-       % making non-ascii chars active is sufficient.
+       % For treating UTF-8 as byte sequences (TeX, eTeX and pdfTeX)
        \setnonasciicharscatcode\active
+       % since we already invoked \utfeightchardefs at the top level
+       % (below), do not re-invoke it, otherwise our check for duplicated
+       % definitions gets triggered.  Making non-ascii chars active is
+       % sufficient.
      \fi
   %
   \else
@@ -10057,6 +9928,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
   \fi
 }
 
+% emacs-page
 % A message to be logged when using a character that isn't available
 % the default font encoding (OT1).
 %
@@ -10065,6 +9937,12 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
 % Take account of \c (plain) vs. \, (Texinfo) difference.
 \def\cedilla#1{\ifx\c\ptexc\c{#1}\else\,{#1}\fi}
 
+% First, make active non-ASCII characters in order for them to be
+% correctly categorized when TeX reads the replacement text of
+% macros containing the character definitions.
+\setnonasciicharscatcode\active
+%
+
 \def\gdefchar#1#2{%
 \gdef#1{%
    \ifpassthroughchars
@@ -10074,14 +9952,8 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
    \fi
 }}
 
-\begingroup
-
-% Make non-ASCII characters active for defining the character definition
-% macros.
-\setnonasciicharscatcode\active
-
 % Latin1 (ISO-8859-1) character definitions.
-\gdef\latonechardefs{%
+\def\latonechardefs{%
   \gdefchar^^a0{\tie}
   \gdefchar^^a1{\exclamdown}
   \gdefchar^^a2{{\tcfont \char162}} % cent
@@ -10186,7 +10058,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
 }
 
 % Latin9 (ISO-8859-15) encoding character definitions.
-\gdef\latninechardefs{%
+\def\latninechardefs{%
   % Encoding is almost identical to Latin1.
   \latonechardefs
   %
@@ -10201,7 +10073,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
 }
 
 % Latin2 (ISO-8859-2) character definitions.
-\gdef\lattwochardefs{%
+\def\lattwochardefs{%
   \gdefchar^^a0{\tie}
   \gdefchar^^a1{\ogonek{A}}
   \gdefchar^^a2{\u{}}
@@ -10219,7 +10091,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
   \gdefchar^^ae{\v Z}
   \gdefchar^^af{\dotaccent Z}
   %
-  \gdefchar^^b0{\textdegree}
+  \gdefchar^^b0{\textdegree{}}
   \gdefchar^^b1{\ogonek{a}}
   \gdefchar^^b2{\ogonek{ }}
   \gdefchar^^b3{\l}
@@ -10305,8 +10177,6 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
   \gdefchar^^ff{\dotaccent{}}
 }
 
-\endgroup % active chars
-
 % UTF-8 character definitions.
 %
 % This code to support UTF-8 is based on LaTeX's utf8.def, with some
@@ -10458,9 +10328,9 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
   % Given the value in \countUTFz as a Unicode code point, set \UTFviiiTmp
   % to the corresponding UTF-8 sequence.
   \gdef\parseXMLCharref{%
-    \ifnum\countUTFz < "20\relax
+    \ifnum\countUTFz < "A0\relax
       \errhelp = \EMsimple
-      \errmessage{Cannot define Unicode char value < 0020}%
+      \errmessage{Cannot define Unicode char value < 00A0}%
     \else\ifnum\countUTFz < "800\relax
       \parseUTFviiiA,%
       \parseUTFviiiB C\UTFviiiTwoOctetsName.,%
@@ -10530,103 +10400,6 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
 % least make most of the characters not bomb out.
 %
 \def\unicodechardefs{%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0020}{ } % space
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0021}{\char"21 }% % space to terminate number
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0022}{\char"22 }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0023}{\char"23 }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0024}{\char"24 }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0025}{\char"25 }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0026}{\char"26 }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0027}{\char"27 }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0028}{\char"28 }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0029}{\char"29 }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002A}{\char"2A }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002B}{\char"2B }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002C}{\char"2C }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002D}{\char"2D }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002E}{\char"2E }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{002F}{\char"2F }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0030}{0}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0031}{1}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0032}{2}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0033}{3}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0034}{4}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0035}{5}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0036}{6}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0037}{7}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0038}{8}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0039}{9}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003A}{\char"3A }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003B}{\char"3B }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003C}{\char"3C }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003D}{\char"3D }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003E}{\char"3E }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{003F}{\char"3F }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0040}{\char"40 }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0041}{A}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0042}{B}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0043}{C}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0044}{D}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0045}{E}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0046}{F}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0047}{G}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0048}{H}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0049}{I}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004A}{J}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004B}{K}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004C}{L}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004D}{M}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004E}{N}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{004F}{O}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0050}{P}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0051}{Q}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0052}{R}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0053}{S}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0054}{T}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0055}{U}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0056}{V}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0057}{W}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0058}{X}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0059}{Y}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005A}{Z}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005B}{\char"5B }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005C}{\char"5C }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005D}{\char"5D }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005E}{\char"5E }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{005F}{\char"5F }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0060}{\char"60 }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0061}{a}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0062}{b}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0063}{c}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0064}{d}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0065}{e}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0066}{f}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0067}{g}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0068}{h}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0069}{i}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006A}{j}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006B}{k}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006C}{l}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006D}{m}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006E}{n}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{006F}{o}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0070}{p}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0071}{q}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0072}{r}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0073}{s}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0074}{t}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0075}{u}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0076}{v}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0077}{w}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0078}{x}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{0079}{y}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007A}{z}%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007B}{\char"7B }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007C}{\char"7C }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007D}{\char"7D }%
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007E}{\char"7E }%
-  % \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{007F}{} % DEL
-  %
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A0}{\tie}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A1}{\exclamdown}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00A2}{{\tcfont \char162}}% 0242=cent
@@ -10644,7 +10417,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AE}{\registeredsymbol{}}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00AF}{\={ }}%
   %
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B0}{\textdegree}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B0}{\ringaccent{ }}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B1}{\ensuremath\pm}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B2}{$^2$}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{00B3}{$^3$}%
@@ -11126,9 +10899,6 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EF8}{\~Y}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1EF9}{\~y}%
   %
-  % Exotic spaces
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2007}{\hphantom{0}}%
-  %
   % Punctuation
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2013}{--}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2014}{---}%
@@ -11148,7 +10918,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
   %
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{20AC}{\euro{}}%
   %
-  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2192}{\arrow}%
+  \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{2192}{\expansion{}}%
   \DeclareUnicodeCharacter{21D2}{\result{}}%
   %
   % Mathematical symbols
@@ -11311,26 +11081,24 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
 % provide a definition macro to replace/pass-through a Unicode character
 %
 \def\DeclareUnicodeCharacterNative#1#2{%
-  \ifnum"#1>"7F % only make non-ASCII chars active
-    \catcode"#1=\active
-    \def\dodeclareunicodecharacternative##1##2##3{%
-      \begingroup
-        \uccode`\~="##2\relax
-        \uppercase{\gdef~}{%
-          \ifpassthroughchars
-            ##1%
-          \else
-            ##3%
-          \fi
-        }
-      \endgroup
-    }
+  \catcode"#1=\active
+  \def\dodeclareunicodecharacternative##1##2##3{%
     \begingroup
-      \uccode`\.="#1\relax
-      \uppercase{\def\UTFNativeTmp{.}}%
-      \expandafter\dodeclareunicodecharacternative\UTFNativeTmp{#1}{#2}%
+      \uccode`\~="##2\relax
+      \uppercase{\gdef~}{%
+        \ifpassthroughchars
+          ##1%
+        \else
+          ##3%
+        \fi
+      }
     \endgroup
-  \fi
+  }
+  \begingroup
+    \uccode`\.="#1\relax
+    \uppercase{\def\UTFNativeTmp{.}}%
+    \expandafter\dodeclareunicodecharacternative\UTFNativeTmp{#1}{#2}%
+  \endgroup
 }
 
 % Native Unicode handling (XeTeX and LuaTeX) character replacing definition.
@@ -11359,14 +11127,14 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
    \relax
 }
 
-% Define all Unicode characters we know about
+% Define all Unicode characters we know about.  This makes UTF-8 the default
+% input encoding and allows @U to work.
 \iftxinativeunicodecapable
   \nativeunicodechardefsatu
 \else
   \utfeightchardefs
 \fi
 
-
 \message{formatting,}
 
 \newdimen\defaultparindent \defaultparindent = 15pt
@@ -11413,9 +11181,13 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
   %
   \vsize = #1\relax
   \advance\vsize by \topskip
+  \outervsize = \vsize
+  \advance\outervsize by 2\topandbottommargin
   \txipageheight = \vsize
   %
   \hsize = #2\relax
+  \outerhsize = \hsize
+  \advance\outerhsize by 0.5in
   \txipagewidth = \hsize
   %
   \normaloffset = #4\relax
@@ -11472,6 +11244,23 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
   \defbodyindent = .5cm
 }}
 
+% Use @smallerbook to reset parameters for 6x9 trim size.
+% (Just testing, parameters still in flux.)
+\def\smallerbook{{\globaldefs = 1
+  \parskip = 1.5pt plus 1pt
+  \textleading = 12pt
+  %
+  \internalpagesizes{7.4in}{4.8in}%
+                    {-.2in}{-.4in}%
+                    {0pt}{14pt}%
+                    {9in}{6in}%
+  %
+  \lispnarrowing = 0.25in
+  \tolerance = 700
+  \contentsrightmargin = 0pt
+  \defbodyindent = .4cm
+}}
+
 % Use @afourpaper to print on European A4 paper.
 \def\afourpaper{{\globaldefs = 1
   \parskip = 3pt plus 2pt minus 1pt
@@ -11505,7 +11294,7 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
   \textleading = 12.5pt
   %
   \internalpagesizes{160mm}{120mm}%
-                    {\voffset}{-11.4mm}%
+                    {\voffset}{\hoffset}%
                     {\bindingoffset}{8pt}%
                     {210mm}{148mm}%
   %
@@ -11584,138 +11373,9 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
 \hfuzz = 1pt
 
 
-\message{microtype,}
-
-% protrusion, from Thanh's protcode.tex.
-\def\mtsetprotcode#1{%
-  \rpcode#1`\!=200  \rpcode#1`\,=700  \rpcode#1`\-=700  \rpcode#1`\.=700
-  \rpcode#1`\;=500  \rpcode#1`\:=500  \rpcode#1`\?=200
-  \rpcode#1`\'=700
-  \rpcode#1 34=500  % ''
-  \rpcode#1 123=300 % --
-  \rpcode#1 124=200 % ---
-  \rpcode#1`\)=50   \rpcode#1`\A=50   \rpcode#1`\F=50   \rpcode#1`\K=50
-  \rpcode#1`\L=50   \rpcode#1`\T=50   \rpcode#1`\V=50   \rpcode#1`\W=50
-  \rpcode#1`\X=50   \rpcode#1`\Y=50   \rpcode#1`\k=50   \rpcode#1`\r=50
-  \rpcode#1`\t=50   \rpcode#1`\v=50   \rpcode#1`\w=50   \rpcode#1`\x=50
-  \rpcode#1`\y=50
-  %
-  \lpcode#1`\`=700
-  \lpcode#1 92=500  % ``
-  \lpcode#1`\(=50   \lpcode#1`\A=50   \lpcode#1`\J=50   \lpcode#1`\T=50
-  \lpcode#1`\V=50   \lpcode#1`\W=50   \lpcode#1`\X=50   \lpcode#1`\Y=50
-  \lpcode#1`\v=50   \lpcode#1`\w=50   \lpcode#1`\x=50   \lpcode#1`\y=0
-  %
-  \mtadjustprotcode#1\relax
-}
-
-\newcount\countC
-\def\mtadjustprotcode#1{%
-  \countC=0
-  \loop
-    \ifcase\lpcode#1\countC\else
-      \mtadjustcp\lpcode#1\countC
-    \fi
-    \ifcase\rpcode#1\countC\else
-      \mtadjustcp\rpcode#1\countC
-    \fi
-    \advance\countC 1
-  \ifnum\countC < 256 \repeat
-}
-
-\newcount\countB
-\def\mtadjustcp#1#2#3{%
-  \setbox\boxA=\hbox{%
-    \ifx#2\font\else#2\fi
-    \char#3}%
-  \countB=\wd\boxA
-  \multiply\countB #1#2#3\relax
-  \divide\countB \fontdimen6 #2\relax
-  #1#2#3=\countB\relax
-}
-
-\ifx\XeTeXrevision\thisisundefined
-  \ifx\luatexversion\thisisundefined
-    \ifpdf % pdfTeX
-      \mtsetprotcode\textrm
-      \def\mtfontexpand#1{\pdffontexpand#1 20 20 1 autoexpand\relax}
-    \else % TeX
-      \def\mtfontexpand#1{}
-    \fi
-  \else % LuaTeX
-    \mtsetprotcode\textrm
-    \def\mtfontexpand#1{\expandglyphsinfont#1 20 20 1\relax}
-  \fi
-\else % XeTeX
-  \mtsetprotcode\textrm
-  \def\mtfontexpand#1{}
-\fi
-
-
-\newif\ifmicrotype
-
-\def\microtypeON{%
-  \microtypetrue
-  %
-  \ifx\XeTeXrevision\thisisundefined
-    \ifx\luatexversion\thisisundefined
-      \ifpdf % pdfTeX
-        \pdfadjustspacing=2
-        \pdfprotrudechars=2
-      \fi
-    \else % LuaTeX
-      \adjustspacing=2
-      \protrudechars=2
-    \fi
-  \else % XeTeX
-    \XeTeXprotrudechars=2
-  \fi
-  %
-  \mtfontexpand\textrm
-  \mtfontexpand\textsl
-  \mtfontexpand\textbf
-}
-
-\def\microtypeOFF{%
-  \microtypefalse
-  %
-  \ifx\XeTeXrevision\thisisundefined
-    \ifx\luatexversion\thisisundefined
-      \ifpdf % pdfTeX
-        \pdfadjustspacing=0
-        \pdfprotrudechars=0
-      \fi
-    \else % LuaTeX
-      \adjustspacing=0
-      \protrudechars=0
-    \fi
-  \else % XeTeX
-    \XeTeXprotrudechars=0
-  \fi
-}
-
-\microtypeOFF
-
-\parseargdef\microtype{%
-  \def\txiarg{#1}%
-  \ifx\txiarg\onword
-    \microtypeON
-  \else\ifx\txiarg\offword
-    \microtypeOFF
-  \else
-    \errhelp = \EMsimple
-    \errmessage{Unknown @microtype option `\txiarg', must be on|off}%
-  \fi\fi
-}
-
-
 \message{and turning on texinfo input format.}
 
-% Make UTF-8 the default encoding.
-\documentencodingzzz{UTF-8}
-
 \def^^L{\par} % remove \outer, so ^L can appear in an @comment
-\catcode`\^^K = 10 % treat vertical tab as whitespace
 
 % DEL is a comment character, in case @c does not suffice.
 \catcode`\^^? = 14
@@ -11731,6 +11391,23 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
 \catcode`\|=\other \def\normalverticalbar{|}
 \catcode`\~=\other \def\normaltilde{~}
 
+% This macro is used to make a character print one way in \tt
+% (where it can probably be output as-is), and another way in other fonts,
+% where something hairier probably needs to be done.
+%
+% #1 is what to print if we are indeed using \tt; #2 is what to print
+% otherwise.  Since all the Computer Modern typewriter fonts have zero
+% interword stretch (and shrink), and it is reasonable to expect all
+% typewriter fonts to have this, we can check that font parameter.
+%
+\def\ifusingtt#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen3\font=0pt #1\else #2\fi}
+
+% Same as above, but check for italic font.  Actually this also catches
+% non-italic slanted fonts since it is impossible to distinguish them from
+% italic fonts.  But since this is only used by $ and it uses \sl anyway
+% this is not a problem.
+\def\ifusingit#1#2{\ifdim \fontdimen1\font>0pt #1\else #2\fi}
+
 % Set catcodes for Texinfo file
 
 % Active characters for printing the wanted glyph.
@@ -11776,32 +11453,23 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
 % Used sometimes to turn off (effectively) the active characters even after
 % parsing them.
 \def\turnoffactive{%
-  \passthroughcharstrue
-  \let-=\normaldash
-  \let"=\normaldoublequote
-  \let$=\normaldollar %$ font-lock fix
-  \let+=\normalplus
-  \let<=\normalless
-  \let>=\normalgreater
-  \let^=\normalcaret
-  \let_=\normalunderscore
-  \let|=\normalverticalbar
-  \let~=\normaltilde
+  \normalturnoffactive
   \otherbackslash
-  \setregularquotes
-  \unsepspaces
 }
 
-% If a .fmt file is being used, characters that might appear in a file
-% name cannot be active until we have parsed the command line.
-% So turn them off again, and have \loadconf turn them back on.
-\catcode`+=\other \catcode`\_=\other
-
+\catcode`\@=0
 
 % \backslashcurfont outputs one backslash character in current font,
 % as in \char`\\.
 \global\chardef\backslashcurfont=`\\
 
+% \realbackslash is an actual character `\' with catcode other.
+{\catcode`\\=\other @gdef@realbackslash{\}}
+
+% In Texinfo, backslash is an active character; it prints the backslash
+% in fixed width font.
+\catcode`\\=\active  % @ for escape char from now on.
+
 % Print a typewriter backslash.  For math mode, we can't simply use
 % \backslashcurfont: the story here is that in math mode, the \char
 % of \backslashcurfont ends up printing the roman \ from the math symbol
@@ -11811,125 +11479,109 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
 % ignored family value; char position "5C).  We can't use " for the
 % usual hex value because it has already been made active.
 
-\def\ttbackslash{{\tt \ifmmode \mathchar29020 \else \backslashcurfont \fi}}
-\let\backslashchar = \ttbackslash % \backslashchar{} is for user documents.
+@def@ttbackslash{{@tt @ifmmode @mathchar29020 @else @backslashcurfont @fi}}
+@let@backslashchar = @ttbackslash % @backslashchar{} is for user documents.
 
-% These are made active for url-breaking, so need
-% active definitions as the normal characters.
-\def\normaldot{.}
-\def\normalquest{?}
-\def\normalslash{/}
-
-% \newlinesloadsconf - call \loadconf as soon as possible in the
-% file, e.g. at the first newline.
-%
-{\catcode`\^=7
-\catcode`\^^M=13
-\gdef\newlineloadsconf{%
-  \catcode`\^^M=13 %
-  \newlineloadsconfzz%
-}
-\gdef\newlineloadsconfzz#1^^M{%
-  \def\c{\loadconf\c}%
-  % Definition for the first newline read in the file
-  \def ^^M{\loadconf}%
-  % In case the first line has a whole-line or environment command on it
-  \let\originalparsearg\parsearg%
-  \def\parsearg{\loadconf\originalparsearg}%
-  %
-  % \startenvironment is in the expansion of commands defined with \envdef
-  \let\originalstartenvironment\startenvironment%
-  \def\startenvironment{\loadconf\startenvironment}%
+% \otherbackslash defines an active \ to be a literal `\' character with
+% catcode other.
+@gdef@otherbackslash{@let\=@realbackslash}
+
+% Same as @turnoffactive except outputs \ as {\tt\char`\\} instead of
+% the literal character `\'.
+%
+{@catcode`- = @active
+ @gdef@normalturnoffactive{%
+   @passthroughcharstrue
+   @let-=@normaldash
+   @let"=@normaldoublequote
+   @let$=@normaldollar %$ font-lock fix
+   @let+=@normalplus
+   @let<=@normalless
+   @let>=@normalgreater
+   @let^=@normalcaret
+   @let_=@normalunderscore
+   @let|=@normalverticalbar
+   @let~=@normaltilde
+   @let\=@ttbackslash
+   @setregularquotes
+   @unsepspaces
+ }
+}
+
+% If a .fmt file is being used, characters that might appear in a file
+% name cannot be active until we have parsed the command line.
+% So turn them off again, and have @fixbackslash turn them back on.
+@catcode`+=@other @catcode`@_=@other
+
+% \enablebackslashhack - allow file to begin `\input texinfo'
+%
+% If a .fmt file is being used, we don't want the `\input texinfo' to show up.
+% That is what \eatinput is for; after that, the `\' should revert to printing
+% a backslash.
+% If the file did not have a `\input texinfo', then it is turned off after
+% the first line; otherwise the first `\' in the file would cause an error.
+% This is used on the very last line of this file, texinfo.tex.
+% We also use @c to call @fixbackslash, in case ends of lines are hidden.
+{
+@catcode`@^=7
+@catcode`@^^M=13@gdef@enablebackslashhack{%
+  @global@let\ = @eatinput%
+  @catcode`@^^M=13%
+  @def@c{@fixbackslash@c}%
+  % Definition for the newline at the end of this file.
+  @def ^^M{@let^^M@secondlinenl}%
+  % Definition for a newline in the main Texinfo file.
+  @gdef @secondlinenl{@fixbackslash}%
+  % In case the first line has a whole-line command on it
+  @let@originalparsearg@parsearg
+  @def@parsearg{@fixbackslash@originalparsearg}
 }}
 
+{@catcode`@^=7 @catcode`@^^M=13%
+@gdef@eatinput input texinfo#1^^M{@fixbackslash}}
 
 % Emergency active definition of newline, in case an active newline token
 % appears by mistake.
-{\catcode`\^=7 \catcode13=13%
-\gdef\enableemergencynewline{%
-  \gdef^^M{%
-    \par%
-    %<warning: active newline>\par%
+{@catcode`@^=7 @catcode13=13%
+@gdef@enableemergencynewline{%
+  @gdef^^M{%
+    @par%
+    %<warning: active newline>@par%
 }}}
 
 
-% \loadconf gets called at the beginning of every Texinfo file.
-% If texinfo.cnf is present on the system, read it.  Useful for site-wide
-% @afourpaper, etc.  Not opening texinfo.cnf directly in texinfo.tex
-% makes it possible to make a format file for Texinfo.
-%
-\gdef\loadconf{%
-  \relax  % Terminate the filename if running as "tex '&texinfo' FILE.texi".
-  %
-  % Turn off the definitions that trigger \loadconf
-  \everyjobreset
-  \catcode13=5 % regular end of line
-  \enableemergencynewline
-  \let\c=\comment
-  \let\parsearg\originalparsearg
-  \let\startenvironment\originalstartenvironment
-  %
+@gdef@fixbackslash{%
+  @ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @ttbackslash @fi
+  @catcode13=5 % regular end of line
+  @enableemergencynewline
+  @let@c=@comment
+  @let@parsearg@originalparsearg
   % Also turn back on active characters that might appear in the input
   % file name, in case not using a pre-dumped format.
-  \catcode`+=\active
-  \catcode`\_=\active
+  @catcode`+=@active
+  @catcode`@_=@active
   %
-  \openin 1 texinfo.cnf
-  \ifeof 1 \else \input texinfo.cnf \fi
-  \closein 1
+  % If texinfo.cnf is present on the system, read it.
+  % Useful for site-wide @afourpaper, etc.  This macro, @fixbackslash, gets
+  % called at the beginning of every Texinfo file.  Not opening texinfo.cnf
+  % directly in this file, texinfo.tex, makes it possible to make a format
+  % file for Texinfo.
+  %
+  @openin 1 texinfo.cnf
+  @ifeof 1 @else @input texinfo.cnf @fi
+  @closein 1
 }
 
-% Redefine some control sequences to be controlled by the \ifdummies
-% and \ifindexnofonts switches.  Do this at the end so that the control
-% sequences are all defined.
-\definedummies
-
-
-
-
-\catcode`\@=0
-
-% \realbackslash is an actual character `\' with catcode other.
-{\catcode`\\=\other @gdef@realbackslash{\}}
-
-% In Texinfo, backslash is an active character; it prints the backslash
-% in fixed width font.
-\catcode`\\=\active  % @ for escape char from now on.
-
-@let\ = @ttbackslash
-
-% If in a .fmt file, print the version number.
-% \eatinput stops the `\input texinfo' from showing up.
-% After that, `\' should revert to printing a backslash.
-% Turn on active characters that we couldn't do earlier because
-% they might have appeared in the input file name.
-%
-@everyjob{@message{[Texinfo version @texinfoversion]}%
-  @global@let\ = @eatinput
-  @catcode`+=@active @catcode`@_=@active}
-
-{@catcode`@^=7 @catcode`@^^M=13%
-@gdef@eatinput input texinfo#1^^M{@loadconf}}
-
-@def@everyjobreset{@ifx\@eatinput @let\ = @ttbackslash @fi}
-
-% \otherbackslash defines an active \ to be a literal `\' character with
-% catcode other.
-@gdef@otherbackslash{@let\=@realbackslash}
-
-% Same as @turnoffactive except outputs \ as {\tt\char`\\} instead of
-% the literal character `\'.
-%
-{@catcode`- = @active
- @gdef@normalturnoffactive{%
-   @turnoffactive
-   @let\=@ttbackslash
- }
-}
 
 % Say @foo, not \foo, in error messages.
 @escapechar = `@@
 
+% These (along with & and #) are made active for url-breaking, so need
+% active definitions as the normal characters.
+@def@normaldot{.}
+@def@normalquest{?}
+@def@normalslash{/}
+
 % These look ok in all fonts, so just make them not special.
 % @hashchar{} gets its own user-level command, because of #line.
 @catcode`@& = @other @def@normalamp{&}
@@ -11944,11 +11596,17 @@ directory should work if nowhere else do
 @c Do this last of all since we use ` in the previous @catcode assignments.
 @catcode`@'=@active
 @catcode`@`=@active
+@setregularquotes
 
 @c Local variables:
-@c eval: (add-hook 'before-save-hook 'time-stamp nil t)
-@c time-stamp-pattern: "texinfoversion{%Y-%02m-%02d.%02H}"
-@c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message"
+@c eval: (add-hook 'before-save-hook 'time-stamp)
+@c page-delimiter: "^\\\\message\\|emacs-page"
+@c time-stamp-start: "def\\\\texinfoversion{"
+@c time-stamp-format: "%:y-%02m-%02d.%02H"
+@c time-stamp-end: "}"
 @c End:
 
-@newlineloadsconf
+@c vim:sw=2:
+
+@enablebackslashhack
+