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version 1.48, 2025/05/05 13:13:39 version 1.57, 2025/05/17 17:00:05
Line 4 Line 4
 @settitle The FreeM Manual  @settitle The FreeM Manual
   
 @copying  @copying
 This manual is for FreeM, (version 0.64.0-rc1), which is a free software implementation of the M programming language.  This manual is for FreeM, (version 0.65.1-rc0), which is a free software implementation of the M programming language.
   
 Print-optimized versions of this book are typeset in @emph{Computer Modern} by the author using the @emph{GNU Texinfo} tools.  Print-optimized versions of this book are typeset in @emph{Computer Modern} by the author using the @emph{GNU Texinfo} tools.
   
Line 19  Permission is granted to copy, distribut Line 19  Permission is granted to copy, distribut
   
 @title The FreeM Manual  @title The FreeM Manual
 @subtitle @sc{The Official Manual of FreeM}  @subtitle @sc{The Official Manual of FreeM}
 @subtitle Version 0.64.0-rc1  @subtitle Version 0.65.1-rc0
 @c@vskip 10pt  @c@vskip 10pt
 @c@center @image{freem-logo-sm,,,,.png}  @c@center @image{freem-logo-sm,,,,.png}
 @author Serena Willis  @author Serena Willis
Line 100  This is the official manual for the Free Line 100  This is the official manual for the Free
 * Accessing FreeM from C Programs::     How to use the mlib interface.  * Accessing FreeM from C Programs::     How to use the mlib interface.
   
 * FreeM Administrator::                 The fmadm system manager tool.  * FreeM Administrator::                 The fmadm system manager tool.
 * FreeM Legacy Utilities::              FreeM legacy system manager utilities.  
 * FreeM VIEW Commands and Functions::   Getting and setting info about FreeM internals.  * FreeM VIEW Commands and Functions::   Getting and setting info about FreeM internals.
 * Implementation Limits::               FreeM limitations.  * Implementation Limits::               FreeM limitations.
 * US-ASCII Character Set::              The US-ASCII character set.  * US-ASCII Character Set::              The US-ASCII character set.
Line 149  Current contributors denoted with a @emp Line 148  Current contributors denoted with a @emp
 @cindex contributors, Gerum, Winfried  @cindex contributors, Gerum, Winfried
 @cindex contributors, Kreis, Greg  @cindex contributors, Kreis, Greg
 @cindex contributors, Landis, Larry  @cindex contributors, Landis, Larry
   @cindex contributors, McGlothlen, Ken
 @cindex contributors, Milligan, Lloyd  @cindex contributors, Milligan, Lloyd
 @cindex contributors, Morris, Steve  @cindex contributors, Morris, Steve
 @cindex contributors, Murray, John  @cindex contributors, Murray, John
Line 190  Larry Landis (Coordination, Code, Docume Line 190  Larry Landis (Coordination, Code, Docume
 Rick Marshall (Testing, MDC Conformance) @emph{+}  Rick Marshall (Testing, MDC Conformance) @emph{+}
   
 @item  @item
   Ken McGlothlen (Apple Silicon build/test environment, proofreading of documentation) @emph{+}
   
   @item
 Lloyd Milligan (Code, Testing, Documentation)  Lloyd Milligan (Code, Testing, Documentation)
   
 @item  @item
Line 441  Attempting to start a FreeM interpreter Line 444  Attempting to start a FreeM interpreter
 The FreeM direct-mode environment is the mode entered when FreeM is invoked without the use of @option{-r @emph{<entryref>}} or @option{--routine=@emph{<entryref>}}:  The FreeM direct-mode environment is the mode entered when FreeM is invoked without the use of @option{-r @emph{<entryref>}} or @option{--routine=@emph{<entryref>}}:
   
 @example  @example
 Coherent Logic Development FreeM version 0.64.0-rc1 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)  Coherent Logic Development FreeM version 0.65.1-rc0 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)
 Copyright (C) 2014, 2020, 2021 Coherent Logic Development LLC  Copyright (C) 2014, 2020, 2021 Coherent Logic Development LLC
   
   
Line 1115  See @emph{https://wiki.osdev.org/Target_ Line 1118  See @emph{https://wiki.osdev.org/Target_
 * $ZLSD()::                             Compute Levenshtein distance between two arguments.  * $ZLSD()::                             Compute Levenshtein distance between two arguments.
 * $ZM()::                               Unknown.  * $ZM()::                               Unknown.
 * $ZNAME()::                            Unknown.  * $ZNAME()::                            Unknown.
 * $ZNEXT()::                            Unknown.  * $ZNEXT()::                            Return glvn of next numeric subscript following given glvn.
 * $ZORDER()::                           Unknown.  * $ZORDER()::                           Unknown.
 * $ZPIECE()::                           Unknown.  * $ZPIECE()::                           Unknown.
 * $ZPREVIOUS()::                        Unknown.  * $ZPREVIOUS()::                        Unknown.
Line 1313  The optional second argument indicates t Line 1316  The optional second argument indicates t
 @cindex intrinsic functions, $NEXT  @cindex intrinsic functions, $NEXT
   
 Deprecated. Use @code{$ORDER} instead.  Deprecated. Use @code{$ORDER} instead.
   Returns the next numeric subscript of the specified glvn.
   
   @emph{Syntax}
   
   @example
   $NEXT(@emph{glvn})
   @end example
   
   @emph{Example}
   
   Assume the following array:
   
   @example
   ^foo(1)=""
   ^foo(2)=""
   @end example
   
   And the following code:
   
   @example
    W $ZNEXT(^foo(1)) ; => 2
   @end example 
   
 @node $ORDER()  @node $ORDER()
 @section $ORDER  @section $ORDER
Line 1713  Returns the Levenshtein distance between Line 1738  Returns the Levenshtein distance between
 @cindex intrinsic functions, $ZM  @cindex intrinsic functions, $ZM
 @cindex intrinsic functions, implementation-specific  @cindex intrinsic functions, implementation-specific
   
   Purpose unknown.
   
 @node $ZNAME()  @node $ZNAME()
 @section $ZNAME  @section $ZNAME
 @cindex $ZNAME  @cindex $ZNAME
Line 1721  Returns the Levenshtein distance between Line 1748  Returns the Levenshtein distance between
   
 Purpose unknown.  Purpose unknown.
   
   This function relies on the value of @code{$VIEW(71)} being @code{0} (this is not the default).
   
 @node $ZNEXT()  @node $ZNEXT()
 @section $ZNEXT  @section $ZNEXT
 @cindex $ZNEXT  @cindex $ZNEXT
 @cindex intrinsic functions, $ZNEXT  @cindex intrinsic functions, $ZNEXT
 @cindex intrinsic functions, implementation-specific  @cindex intrinsic functions, implementation-specific
   
 Purpose unknown.  Returns a fully-formed variable reference of the next numeric subscript of the specified glvn.
   
   @emph{Syntax}
   
   @example
   $ZNEXT(@emph{glvn})
   @end example
   
   @emph{Example}
   
   Assume the following array:
   
   @example
   ^foo(1)=""
   ^foo(2)=""
   @end example
   
   And the following code:
   
   @example
    W $ZNEXT(^foo(1)) ; => ^foo(2)
   @end example
   
   This function relies on the value of @code{$VIEW(71)} being @code{1} (this is the default).
   
 @node $ZORDER()  @node $ZORDER()
 @section $ZORDER  @section $ZORDER
Line 2048  Identical to @ref{$TRANSLATE()}, except Line 2100  Identical to @ref{$TRANSLATE()}, except
 * ZBREAK::                              Enable/disable ZBREAK mode.  * ZBREAK::                              Enable/disable ZBREAK mode.
 * ZCONST::                              Define a constant that cannot be altered after initial definition.  * ZCONST::                              Define a constant that cannot be altered after initial definition.
 * ZGOTO::                               @code{GOTO} with @code{BREAK} control.  * ZGOTO::                               @code{GOTO} with @code{BREAK} control.
 * ZHALT::                               Unknown.  * ZHALT::                               Exit FreeM job with return value.
 * ZINSERT::                             Insert code into routine buffer.  * ZINSERT::                             Insert code into routine buffer.
 * ZJOB::                                Invokes a job, ignoring any timeouts.  * ZJOB::                                Invoke job, ignoring any timeouts.
 * ZLOAD::                               Load routine into routine buffer.  * ZLOAD::                               Load routine into routine buffer.
 * ZMAP::                                Map a global name to a non-default namespace.  * ZMAP::                                Map a global name to a non-default namespace.
 * ZNEW::                                Unknown.  * ZNEW::                                Unknown.
 * ZPRINT::                              Print contents of routine buffer.  * ZPRINT::                              Print contents of routine buffer.
 * ZQUIT::                               Quits multiple stack levels at once.  * ZQUIT::                               Quit multiple stack levels at once.
 * ZREMOVE::                             Remove code from routine buffer.  * ZREMOVE::                             Remove code from routine buffer.
 * ZSAVE::                               Save routine buffer to disk.  * ZSAVE::                               Save routine buffer to disk.
 * ZTHROW::                              Programmatically raise an error condition.  * ZTHROW::                              Programmatically raise an error condition.
 * ZTRAP::                               Unknown.  * ZTRAP::                               Raise a FreeM error.
 * ZUNMAP::                              Remove a mapping of a global to a non-default namespace.  * ZUNMAP::                              Remove a mapping of a global to a non-default namespace.
 * ZWATCH::                              Enable or disable watchpoints, or set or clear watchpoints on specified globals, locals, or structured system variables.  * ZWATCH::                              Enable or disable watchpoints, or set or clear watchpoints on specified globals, locals, or structured system variables.
 * ZWITH::                               Set prefix for future variable references.  * ZWITH::                               Set prefix for future variable references.
Line 2600  In the above @emph{inclusive} form, @cod Line 2652  In the above @emph{inclusive} form, @cod
 @cartouche  @cartouche
 @quotation  @quotation
 @emph{Note}  @emph{Note}
 The below @emph{argumentless} and @emph{exclusive} forms of @code{KSUBSCRIPTS} are not implemented in FreeM, as of version 0.64.0-rc1, but are planned for a future release.  The below @emph{argumentless} and @emph{exclusive} forms of @code{KSUBSCRIPTS} are not implemented in FreeM, as of version 0.65.1-rc0, but are planned for a future release.
 @end quotation  @end quotation
 @end cartouche  @end cartouche
   
Line 2635  In the above @emph{inclusive} form, @cod Line 2687  In the above @emph{inclusive} form, @cod
 @cartouche  @cartouche
 @quotation  @quotation
 @emph{Note}  @emph{Note}
 The below @emph{argumentless} and @emph{exclusive} forms of @code{KVALUE} are not implemented in FreeM, as of version 0.64.0-rc1, but are planned for a future release.  The below @emph{argumentless} and @emph{exclusive} forms of @code{KVALUE} are not implemented in FreeM, as of version 0.65.1-rc0, but are planned for a future release.
 @end quotation  @end quotation
 @end cartouche  @end cartouche
   
Line 3579  Raises an error condition as long as the Line 3631  Raises an error condition as long as the
 @cindex commands, non-standard  @cindex commands, non-standard
 @emph{FreeM Extension}  @emph{FreeM Extension}
   
   Synonymous with @ref{ZTHROW}.
   
 @node ZUNMAP  @node ZUNMAP
 @section ZUNMAP  @section ZUNMAP
 @cindex ZUNMAP  @cindex ZUNMAP
Line 5922  Raised when an attempt is made to use a Line 5976  Raised when an attempt is made to use a
 FreeM allows the following installation methods:  FreeM allows the following installation methods:
 @table @asis  @table @asis
 @item Binary Repository  @item Binary Repository
 On recent versions the Ubuntu and Debian distributions of GNU/Linux, we provide package repositories from which FreeM may easily be installed. See the @emph{FreeM Wiki} for more information, and @emph{https://packages.coherent-logic.com} for instructions.  For recent versions of the Ubuntu and Debian distributions of GNU/Linux, we provide package repositories from which FreeM may easily be installed. See the @emph{FreeM Wiki} for more information, and @emph{https://packages.coherent-logic.com} for instructions.
   
 If available, this is the simplest method of installing FreeM.  If available, this is the simplest method of installing FreeM.
 @item Binary Packages  @item Binary Packages
 We provide binary packages of FreeM for @emph{dpkg} and @emph{rpm}-based distributions of GNU/Linux, and @emph{pkgadd} packages for Solaris 8-10. If you cannot use repositories, this is the easiest option.  We provide binary packages of FreeM for @emph{dpkg} and @emph{rpm}-based distributions of GNU/Linux, and @emph{pkgadd} packages for Solaris 8-10. If you cannot use repositories, this is the easiest option.
   
 See @emph{https://freem.coherent-logic.com/binaries.cfm} for downloads and instructions.  See @emph{https://freem.coherent-logic.com/binaries.cfm} for downloads and instructions.
 @item Source Archive  @item Source Tarball
 If you prefer installing from source, we recommend that you download the latest @emph{.tar.gz} file from @emph{https://freem.coherent-logic.com/downloads.cfm}, and follow these steps:  If you prefer installing from source, we recommend that you download the latest @emph{.tar.gz} file from @emph{https://freem.coherent-logic.com/downloads.cfm}, and follow these steps:
   
 @example  @example
Line 5982  $ make Line 6036  $ make
 $ sudo make install  $ sudo make install
 @end example  @end example
   
   @item @code{--enable-newglobals} (EXPERIMENTAL)
   Enables a new and modernized global handler. This global handler has a number of known bugs, and thus should be used with caution.
   
   Note that global files created in the default global handler are incompatible with the new global handler, and vice-versa. You will need to back up and remove all globals in your environments when switching global handlers.
   
   
   @emph{Example}
   
   @example
   $ ./configure --enable-newglobals
   $ make
   $ sudo make install
   @end example
   
 @end table  @end table
   
 @subsection Initial Configuration  @subsection Initial Configuration
Line 6440  int main(int argc, char **argv, char **e Line 6508  int main(int argc, char **argv, char **e
 @cindex fmadm  @cindex fmadm
   
 The @code{fmadm} utility is the preferred method of managing a FreeM installation, and will eventually replace all of the existing utilities.  The @code{fmadm} utility is the preferred method of managing a FreeM installation, and will eventually replace all of the existing utilities.
 Unlike the existing, legacy utilities, @code{fmadm} presents a consistent, simple interface for all FreeM management tasks, and is namespace-aware.  In support of FreeM operators, @code{fmadm} presents a consistent, simple interface for all FreeM management tasks, and is namespace-aware.
 This appendix will document each @code{fmadm} facility as it is implemented, until all of the legacy utilities have been replaced.  This appendix will document each @code{fmadm} facility as it is implemented.
   
 The @code{fmadm} utility's functions all follow the below, consistent syntax:  The @code{fmadm} utility's functions all follow the below, consistent syntax:
   
Line 6535  Supported actions are @code{list} and @c Line 6603  Supported actions are @code{list} and @c
 @end table  @end table
   
   
 @node FreeM Legacy Utilities  
 @appendix FreeM Legacy Utilities  
 @cindex utilities, legacy  
   
 @section Global Compactor (gcompact)  
 @cindex utilities, legacy, gcompact  
   
 Compacts the specified global in place.  
   
 @emph{Syntax}  
   
 @example  
 gcompact @emph{/path/to/global/file}  
 @end example  
   
 @section Block Examiner (gfix)  
 @cindex utilities, gfix  
   
 The @emph{gfix} interactive utility program permits navigation of the B-tree structure of the specified global a block at a time.  
   
 @emph{Syntax}  
   
 @example  
 gfix @emph{</path/to/global/file>}  
 @end example  
   
 @section Global Repair Tool (grestore)  
 @cindex utilities, legacy, grestore  
   
 This utility will fix problems with the specified global.  
   
 @emph{Syntax}  
   
 @example  
 grestore @emph{</path/to/global/file>}  
 @end example  
   
 @node FreeM VIEW Commands and Functions  @node FreeM VIEW Commands and Functions
 @appendix FreeM VIEW Commands and Functions  @appendix FreeM VIEW Commands and Functions
   
Removed from v.1.48  
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  Added in v.1.57

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